NIPER Important Notes

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Natural Products:

In natural products more stress should be given on phytochemistry part rather than biological aspects.
Methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural products. Various separation techniques used for isolation of natural products.
Biosynthetic pathways.
Primary metabolites, their examples.
Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites (e.g. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanidines etc.). Here most imp. Part is chemistry of these classes.
Important therapeutic classes: antidiabetics, hepatoprotectives, immmunomodulators, neutraceuticals, natural products for gynecological disorders, anti-cancer, anti-viral (mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.
Dietary antioxidants, Marine natural products, Plant growth regulators.
Spectroscopy: Basic concepts of UV, NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy. Give more stress on IR and NMR.
Stereochemistry: Basic concepts.
Fischer, sawhorse and newmon projection formulaes.
Biological sources of important classes of natural products. (Selected ones only)
Standardization of natural products.
What is difference between natural products and pharmacognosy?

References:

1. For various therapeutic classes: Trease and Evans
2. For spectroscopy: Silverstein, Pavia, Kemp.
3. For stereochemistry: I.L. Finar vol-II

Pharmacology and toxicology:

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacological effect, desired, undesired, toxic, adverse effects.
Bioavailability, bioequivalence, various factors of ADME. (From Bramhankar)
Drug metabolism: various pathways and other details.
Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, protein binding, drug distribution, distribution volume, excretion pathways etc.
Pharmacological screening: general principles, various screening models, screening methodologies (in vitro and in vivo tests).
Mechanism of drug action, drug-receptor interaction.
Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors
Detailed study of CNS pharmacology
Study of basis of threshold areas of work in NIPER in pharmacology dept. mentioned in brochure.
Diseases: study of the pharmacology of the diseases and drugs used with mode of action especially of diabetes, malaria, leishmaniasis, TB, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, and immunomodualtion.
Chemotherapy and pathophysiology- knowledge of antibiotics, their mode of action and the microorganisms responsible for various common diseases.
Bioassay methods, various requirements. Brief knowledge of the statistical tests.

References:

1. Rang and Dale (ALL CHEMOTHERAPY CLASSES OF DRUGS. IF YOU READ THE WHOLE BOOK, then nothing else is needed)
2. F. S. K. Barar
3. Wilson and Griswold (for Mechanism)
4. Kasture (for Bioassay and Screening)

Pharmaceutics and formulation (Pharmaceuticl Technology)

Drug delivery systems (DDS): NDDS models, osmotic pumps, various release patterns eg. Controlled release, delayed release. Sustained release etc., order of release. Oral controlled DDS, factors affecting controlled release.
Carriers in DDS: polymers and their classification, types, carbohydrates, surfactants, proteins, lipids, prodrugs etc.
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS): principles, absorption enhancers, evaluation of TDDS.
Parenterals: requirements, advantages, disadvantages, release pattern, route of drug delivery.
Drug targeting: microspheres, nano particles, liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, etc.
Preformulation detailed.
Complexation, solubilization, polymerization, viscosity measurements.
Dosage form development- stages, implications of dosage form.
Additives of formulation, types, examples, advantages, disadvantages, drug excipient interaction, incompatibility, various types of incompatibilities.
Dosage forms: solid (tablets, capsules, pills etc), liquid (emulsion, suspension etc), sterile (injectables), aerosols. Principles, advantages, disadvantages and problems.
Coating - in detail.
Packaging: materials, labeling etc. Types of containers (e.g. Tamper-proof containers)
In process controls, Product specification, documentation.
Compartmental modeling. (From Bramhankar)
Bioavailability, bioequivalence studies. Methods of improvement of oral bioavailability.
Evaluation of formulation, principles and methods of release control in oral formulations.

For more, you can refer to the attached file

Attached Files Available for Download

NIPER JEE syllabus.pdf (521.7 KB, 50 views)

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