Sikkim Manipal Entrance Exam

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PHYSICS - PART I

DYNAMICS:

Newton’s laws of motion: First law of motion - force and inertia with examples -momentum - second law of motion, derivation of F=ma, mention of spring force F=kx, mention of basic forces in nature - impulse and impulsive forces with examples - second law as applied to variable mass situation - third law of motion - Identifying action and reaction forces with examples - derivation of law of conservation of momentum with examples in daily life - principle of rocket propulsion - inertial and non-inertial frames - apparent weight in a lift and rocket/satellite - problems.
Fluid Dynamics: Explanation of streamline and turbulent motion - mention of equation of continuity - mention of expressions for PE, KE and pressure energy of an element of a liquid flowing through a pipe - statement and explanation of Bemoulli’s theorem and its application to uplift of an aircraft sprayer.
Surface tension: Concept of adhesive and cohesive forces - definition of Surface energy and surface tension and angle of contact - explanation of capillary rise and mention of its expression - mention of application of surface tension to (i) formation of drops and bubbles (ii) capillary action in wick of a lamp (iii) action of detergents.


Work - power - energy: Work done by a force - F.S - unit of work - graphical representation of work done by a constant and variable force - power - units of power - energy - derivation of expression for gravitation potential energy and kinetic energy of a moving body - statement of work - energy theorem - mention of expression for potential energy of a spring - statement and explanation of law of conservation of energy - illustration in he case of a body sliding down on an inclined plane - discussion of special case when θ = 90o for a freely falling body - explanation of conservative and non conservative forces with examples - explanation of elastic and inelastic collisions with examples - coefficient of restitution - problems.
Gravitation: Statement and explanation of law of gravitation - definition of G - derivation of relation between g and G - mention of expression for variation of g with altitude, depth and latitude - statement and explanation of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion - definition of orbital velocity and escape velocity and mention of their expressions - satellites - basic concepts of geo-stationary satellites, launching of satellites - IRS and communication satellites - brief explanation of Inertial mass and gravitational mass - weightlessness - remote sensing and essentials of space communication - problems.
Concurrent Co-plannar forces: Definition of resultant and equilibrant - statement of law of parallelogram of forces - derivation of expression for magnitude and direction of two concurrent coplanar forces - law of triangle of forces and its converse - Lami’s theorem - problems.

HEAT:

Gas laws: Statement and explanation of Boyle’s law and Charle’s law - definition of Pressure and Volume Coefficient of a gas - absolute zero - Kelvin scale of temperature - mention of perfect gas equation - explanation of isothermal and adiabatic changes - mention of Van-der-Waal’s equation of state for real gases.
Mode of heat transfer: Conduction of heat - steady state - temperature gradient - definition of coefficient of thermal conductivity - basic concepts of convection of heat - radiation - properties of thermal radiation - radiant energy - definition of emissivity and absorptivity - perfect black body - statement and explanation of Kirchhoff’s law. Newton’s law of cooling - Stefan’s law - Wien’s displacement and Planck’s law - qualitative explanation of solar constant and surface temperature of sun - principle and working of total radiation pyrometer - problems.

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS:

Waves: Waves around us - brief note on light waves, sound waves, radio waves, micro waves, seismic waves - wave as a carrier of energy - classification of waves. (i) based on medium - mechanical and electromagnetic waves (ii) based on vibration of particles in the medium - Longitudinal & transverse waves - one, two & three dimensional waves with example - definition of wave amplitude, wave frequency, wave period, wavelength and wave velocity - concept of phase of a wave - derivation v=f? to establish the relation between path difference and phase difference - definition of a progressive wave - and its characteristics - derivation of equation of a progressive wave - different forms of a progressive wave equation - definition of wave intensity - mention of expression of wave intensity and its unit - statement and explanation of principles of superposition of waves with examples - problems.
Sound: Properties of sound - speed of sound in a gas - explanation of Newton’s formula for speed of sound - correction by Laplace - Newton - Laplace formula - discussion of factors affecting speed i.e. pressure, temperature, humidity and wind - definition of sound intensity - explanation of loudness and its unit - definition of intensity level and its unit - mention of relation between intensity and loudness - distinction between noise and musical note - characteristics of a musical note - phenomenon of beats and its theory - application of beats (i) to find the frequency of a note (ii) to tune the musical instruments -Doppler effect - derivation of expression for apparent frequency in general case and discussion to special cases - qualitative comparison of Doppler effect in sound and light - problems.
Refraction at a plane surface: Refraction through a parallel sided glass slab - derivation of expressions for lateral shift and normal shift (object in a denser medium) - total internal reflection and its applications -optical fibers and its application in communication - problems.
Refraction through a prism: Derivation of expression for the refractive index in terms of A and D -dispersion through a prism - experimental - arrangement for pure spectrum - deviation produced by a thin prism - dispersive power - mention of condition for dispersion without deviation - problems.
Refraction at a spherical surface: Derivation of the relation - connecting n,u,v and r for refraction at a spherical surface (concave towards a point object in a denser medium) derivation of lens maker’s formula -power of a lens - magnification - derivation of expression for the equivalent focal length of combination of two thin lenses in contact - mention of expression for equivalent focal length of two thin lenses separated by a distance - problems.

PHYSICAL OPTICS:

Introduction to Theories of Light: A brief explanation of Newton’s corpuscular theory, Huygen’s wave theory and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory - mention of expression for speed of light C=1/??o?o, qualitative explanation of Hertz’s experiment - brief explanation of Planck’s quantum theory of radiation -dual nature of light.

Interference:

Explanation of the phenomenon theory of interference - derivation of conditions for constructive and destructive interference.
Young’s double slit experiment, derivation of expression for fringe align - qualitative explanation of interference at thin films and Newton’s rings - problems.
Diffraction: Explanation of the phenomenon - distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction -qualitative explanation of diffraction at single slit and analysis of diffraction pattern (Fraunhoffer type) -qualitative explanation of plane diffraction grating at normal incidence - limit of resolution - resolving power - Rayleigh’s criterion - definition and mention of expression for resolving powers of microscope and telescope - problems.
Polarisation: Explanation of the phenomenon - representation of polarized and unpolarised light -explanation of plane of polarization and plane of vibration - methods of producing plane polarized light : by reflection - Brewster’s law, refraction, double refraction, selective absorption - construction and application of polaroids - optical activity - specific rotatory power - construction and working of Laurent’s half shade polarimeter - mention of circularly and elliptically polarized light - problems.

Speed of light: Michelson’s rotating mirror experiment to determine of light - importance of speed of light.

ELECTROSTATICS:

Electric charges: Concept of charge - Coulomb’s law, absolute and relative permittivity - SI unit of charge.
Electrostatic Field: Concept of electric field - definition of field strength - derivation of expression for the field due to an isolated change, concept of dipole - mention of expression for the field due to a dipole -definition of dipole moment - mention of expression for torque on a dipole - explanation of polarization of a dielectric medium - dielectric strength - concept of lines of force and their characteristics - explanation of electric flux - statement and explanation of Gauss theorem and its applications to derive expressions for electric intensity (a) near the surface of a charged conductor (b) near a spherical conductor - concept of electric potential - derivation of the relation between electric field and potential - derivation of expression for potential due to an isolated charge - explanation of potential energy of a system of charges - problems.

Capacitors:

Explanation of capacity of a conductor and factors on which it depends - definition of capacitance and its unit - derivation of expression for capacity of a spherical conductor - principle of a capacitor - derivation of expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor - mention of expression for capacitance of spherical and cylindrical capacitors - derivation of expression for energy stored in a capacitor - derivation of expression for equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel - mention of uses of capacitors - problems.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY:
Electric current: Microscope view of current through conductors (random motion of electrons) - explanation of drift velocity and mobility - derivation of expression for current I = neA?d - deduction of Ofim’s law - origin of resistance - definition of resistivity - temperature coefficient of resistance - concept of super conductivity - explanation of critical temperature, critical field and high temperature superconductors - mention of uses of superconductors - thermistors and mention of their uses - colour code for resistors -derivation of expression for effective resistance of resistances in series and parallel -derivation of expression for branch currents - definition of emf and internal resistance of a cell - Ohm’s law applied to a circuit -problems.
Kirchoff’s laws: Statement and explanation of Kirchoff’s laws for electrical network - explanation of Wheastone’s network - derivation of the condition for its balance by applying Kirchoff’s laws - principle of metre bridge - problems.

Magnetic effect of electric current:

Magnetic field produced by electric current - statement and explanation of Biot - Savart’s (Laplace’s) law - derivation of expression for magnetic field at any point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current and hence expression for magnetic field at the centre - current in a circular coil as a magnetic dipole - explanation of magnetic moment of the current loop - mention of expression for the magnetic field due to (i) a straight current carrying conductor (ii) at a point on the axis of a solenoid - basic concepts of terrestrial magnetism - statement and explanation of Tangent law -construction and theory of tangent galvanometer - problems.
Mechanical effect of electric current: Mention of expression for force on a charge moving in magnetic field - mention of expression for force on a conductor carrying current kept in a magnetic field - statement of Fleming’s left hand rule - explanation of magnetic field strength in terms of flux density - derivation of expression for the force between two parallel conductors carrying currents and hence definition of ampere -mention of expression for torque on a current loop kept in an uniform magnetic field - construction and theory of moving coil galvanometer - conversion of a pointer galvanometer into an ammeter and voltmeter -problems.

Electromagnetic Induction: Statement explanation of Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz’s law - derivation of expression for emf induced in a rod moving in a uniform magnetic field -explanation of self induction and mutual induction - mention of expression for energy stored in a coil -explanation of eddy currents - alternating currents - derivation of expression for sinusoidal emf - definition of phase and frequency of ac - mention of the expression for instantaneous, peak, rms, and average values -derivation of expression for current in case of ac applied to a circuit containing
(i) pure resistor
(ii) inductor
(iii) capacitor - derivation of expression for impedance and current in LCR series circuit by phasor diagrm method - explanation of resonance - derivation of expression for resonant frequency - brief account of sharpness of resonance and Q-factor - mention of expression for power in ac circuits - power factor and wattless current - qualitative description of choke -basic ideas of magnetic hysteresis - construction and working of transformers - mention of sources of power loss in transformers - ac meters - principle and working of moving iron meter - qualitative explanation of transmission of electrical power - advantages of ac and dc - problems.

ATOMIC PHYSICS:

Introduction to atomic physics: Mention of the types of electron emission - description and theory of Dunnington’s method of finding e/m of an electron - explanation of types of spectra: emission and absorption spectra - brief account of Fraunhoffer lines - qualitative explanation of electromagnetic spectrum with emphasis on frequency.

Photo electric effect:
Explanation of photo electric effect - experiment to study photo electric effect -experimental observations - Einstein’s photo electric equation and its explanation - principle and uses of photo cells: (i) photo emissive (ii) photo voltaic (iii) photo conductive cells - problems.

Dual nature of matter:
Concept of matter waves - arriving at the expression for de Brogile Wave length -principle and working of G.P. Thomson’s experiment - principle of Electron Microscope - Scanning Electron Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope and Atomic -Force Microscope.

Bohr’s Atom model:
Bohr’s atomic model for Hydrogen like atoms - Bohr’s postulates - arriving at the expressions for radius, velocity, energy and wave number - explanation of spectral series of Hydrogen -energy level diagram - explanation of ionization and excitation energy - limitations of Bohr’s theory -qualitative explanation of Sommerfeld & Vector atom models - problems.

Scattering of light:

Explanation of coherent and incoherent scattering - blue of the sky and sea - red at sunrise and sunset - basic concepts and applications of Raman effect.
Lasers: Interaction between energy levels and electromagnetic radiation - laser action - population inversion - optical pumping - properties of lasers - construction and working of Ruby laser - mention of applications of lasers - brief account of photonics.
Nuclear Physics: Characteristics of nucleus - qualitative explanation of liquid drop model - qualitative explanation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and its applications in medical diagnostics as MRI -nuclear forces and their characteristics - explanation of Einsteins mass - energy relation - definition of amu and eV - arriving at 1amu = 931 Mev - examples to show the conversion of mass into energy and vice-versa - mass defect - binding energy - specific binding energy - BE curve - packing fraction.

Nuclear fission with equations - nuclear chain reaction - critical mass - controlled and un-controlled chain reactions - types of nuclear reactors and mention of their principles - disposal of nuclear waste. Nuclear fusion - stellar energy (carbon & proton cycles) - problems.

Radioactivity:

Laws of radioactivity (i) Soddy’s group displacement laws (ii) decay law - derivation of N=NOe-? - explanation of decay constant - derivation of expression for half life - mention of expression for mean life - relation between half and mean life - units of activity: Bequerrel and Curie - Artificial transmutation: Artificial radioactivity - radio isotopes and mention of their uses - brief account of biological effects of radiations and safety measures - problems.

Elementary particles: Basic concepts of leptons and hadrons - qualitative explanation of ?-decay - neutrino hypothesis and Quarks.

Solid state electronics: Qualitative explanation of Bond theory of solids - classification of conductors, insulators and semiconductors - intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors - p-type and n-type semiconductors -construction and action of pn-junction - forward and reverse biasing - half wave and full wave rectification -function and application of light emitting diodes - photo diode - laser diode - transistors - npn and pnp transistors - action of transistor -npn transistor as an amplifier in CE mode.

Digital Electronics:
Logic gates -AND, OR, NOR & NAND symbols and truth table - applications of logic gates (Boolean equations) - half adder and full adder.
Soft condensed matter physics: Liquid crystals - classification, thermotropic ( nematic, cholesteric and smectic) and lyotropic liquid crystals - mention of applications of liquid crystals - basic concepts of emulsions, gels & foams.

Contact:
101, Apollo Trade Center, Geeta Bhawan Chouraha, AB Rd, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001
0731 406 6777

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