M.Phil Environmental Science Course Information

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Master of Philosophy in Environmental Sciences is a postgraduate Environmental Science course. It is two year duration course ..

Here I am giving you syllabus for M. Phil. in Environmental Science offer by Shivaji University..

Shivaji University M Phil M.Phil Environmental Science syllabus

Syllabus for M phil :
Shivaji University, Kolhapur
syllabus for
Master of Philosophy in Environmental Science
The syllabus of the M. Phil. in Environmental Science shall have following
components.
Paper – I : Research Methodology
Paper – II : Recent Advances in Environmental Science
Paper I and II shall be compulsory to all in addition to it the candidate shall have to
choose one of the following elective papers of his/her specialisation.
Paper – III : Elective / Optional paper
1. Biodiversity and Conservation
2. Wild Life Studies,
3. Eco-physiology and Biomonitoring
4. Eco-toxicology
5. Environmental Health
6. Environmental Management
7. Industrial Pollution
8. Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogenesis,
NOTE : Candidate and the respective guides have liberty to choose any of
the above elective papers.
Paper – I
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Unit 1.
a. Principles of scientific research experimentation in natural sciences. Postulation of
hypothesis deduction, induction and generalization with special reference to
Environmental Science.
b. Design, execution, analysis and evaluation of experiments.
c. Methodology : (i) Selection of Methodology of study various tools and their
scope and limitation in application,
(ii) Selection of research topic, Library consultation, compilation
of working, bibliography preparation from reference card.
d. Technique and knowledge of preparation of abstracts, Manuscripts, Dissertation thesis
and report writing.
Unit 2.
a. Writing research grant proposal and reports.
b. Preparation of articles for scientific journal, typing / printing -manuscripts, margins,
spacing, heading and title page numbers, tables and illustrations, corrections and
insertion, preparation of contents.
c. Preparation of list of work cited : General guidelines, placement, arrangement,
citation of books, and other references, citation technique in report writing,
information storage and retrieval sample entries, maintenance of field note book.
d. Abbreviations and reference words, standard abbreviations, scientific connotations, SI
Units, geographical names, common scholarly abbreviations and reference/key works,
publishers names, symbols and abbreviations used in printing technology and proof
reading.
e. Social and ethical aspect of research plagiarism.
f. Copy Right Laws and their protection.
Unit 3. Biostatistics
a. Definition, population and sample, sampling techniques and types of samples,
statistics and parameters.
b. Summarization of data and estimation
i) Measures of Central tendency – Mean, Median, Mode
ii) Measures of Dispersion – Variance and Standard Deviation
iii) Estimation – Confidence Interval
c. Hypothesis testing – significance testing, Student’s `t’ test, Chi square test.
d. Analysis – ANOVA, Regression and Correlation analysis.
Unit 4. Computer Applications :
a. Spreadsheet Tool: Introduction to spreadsheet application, features and functions,
Using formulas and functions, Data storing, Features for Statistical data analysis,
Generating charts/ graph and other features. Tools used may be Microsoft Excel,
Open office or similar tool.
b. Presentation Tool: Introduction to presentation tool, features and functions,
Creating presentation, Customizing presentation, Showing presentation. Tools
used may be Microsoft Power Point, Open Office or similar tool.
c. Web Search: Introduction to Internet, Use of Internet and WWW, Using search
engine like Google, Yahoo etc, Using advanced search techniques.
Reference books :
1. Bedekar V. H. 1982 – How to write assignments, research papers,
dissertations. Kanak New Delhi.
2. Barzam J. and Graff Henry, 1977- The Modern Researcher. Hercoust
Brace. Javanavish Inc. 3rd Ed.
3. Gatner, E. S. M. & F. Cardasco 1970 – Research and report writing, Pb.
Bernes and Noble, N. Y.
4. Gibaldi pseph & Acheert Walters, 1981 – Modern Languaga Association Hand
Book for Writers of Research paper – Affiliated East West press Pvt. Ltd.
5. Gupta S. P. 1978 Science and its methodology Ajanta pb.
6. Glick D. and Reschboam R. M. 1977 – Techniques of biological and
biophysical methodology, J. Wilen & Sons, London
7. Salunkhe D. K. and Bapat D. R. 1984 – Preparation and Presentation of
scientific publications ph. Registrar M. P. K. V. Rahuri.
8. R. Raman Nair : Computer application to library and informantion service
1992, E.S. S. Ess pb., New Delhi
9. M. L. Gillenson – Data base step by step, J. Wilen & Sons, 1990 N. Y.
10. P. V. S. Rao & P. Sadanandan (Ed.) – Modern trends in information
technology 1988, Tata MacGrow Hill, pb.
11. Kothari C.K. (2004), 2/e, Research Methodology_ Methods and Techniques ( New Age
International, New Delhi).
12. Krishnaswamy, K.N., Sivakumar, Appa Iyer and Mathiranjan M. (2006), Management
Resarach Methodology; Integration of Principles, Methods and Techniques ( Pearson
Education, New Delhi)
13. The complete reference Office Xp – Stephan L. Nelson, Gujulia Kelly (TMH)
14. Basic Computer Science and Communication Engineering – R. Rajaram (SCITECH)
Paper II
RECENT ADVANCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1. Global Scenario of Environment :
Our solar system, Earth as the only suitable habitat for the living organism, changes in
the environment caused by man and his activities, pre and post industrial
development, technological development and its impact on thinking and style of living
of man, human population explosion vis-à-vis erosion of ecosystem, natural resources
depletion, compromise in quality, recent trends in thinking and implementation.
2. Impact on Health :
First level health, second level effect on comfort, convenience and aesthetics, third
level effects on ecosystems and natural balance, Emergence of general awareness,
norms, laws, and legislation through world public platform and world summit and
world bodies, quality of environment and resource management, Recent trends.
3. Natural Process :
Recent trends and endeavor in achieving balance, study of ecosystems and assessment
of balance, forests, aquatic and ocean bio-geocycles, ecology of population
interaction, Energy in ecosystem. Stability, monoculture vs species diversity, impact
and assessment.
4. Trends and measure in conservations :
Recent trends in conservation of wild life, and genetic resources, gene pool and
endangered species and their conservation and protection, culturing as conservation of
species, national parks and animal in captivity, socio-psychological impact on them,
biochemical changes as reflected by behavioral changes of wild animals, breeding in
captivity of endangered animals sperm bank.
Tissue culture measures and conservation and preservation of biodiversity in
plant species, data base and recent trends of preserving endangered species,
Devarais as conservation method of forests. World trends and programme in
conservation of biodiversities, legislation against poaching and hunting and
their implementation some word examples of national parks.
5. Recent trends in energy studies :
Present state, Prospects and problems alternative measures, Energy from biomes,
energy plantation, fast growing trees and environmental problems, plantation for clean
environment and ecological balance, biogas, wind mills and rural energy supply, city
garbage and domestic wastes and their recycling for energy and fertilizer, minihydal
projects vs major hydal projects, cost benefit ratio in terms of ecological
conservation future plans, and possible means.
6. Water supply :
Present and past status and needs of urban and rural society, impact of
industrialization and socio-economic transformation in urban structures, supply and
demand ratio of water and sources. Need to diffuse urbanization and implementation
of recycling system of waste water biological methods and chemical methods,
revamping of sewage disposal system and need to recycle, water requirement of rural
community, agro industries and socio-economic transformation and its impact on
water supply, remedial measures in recharging of ground water, metrological
problems and fluctuation in water resources, Integrated approach to the problem of
short range and long range nature.
7. Recent trends in organic waste conversion:
Agricultural wastes as fertilizer and feed stuff, Brewery and distillery waste and their
utilization, utilization of wastes from fermentation industry, wastes from paper factory
and related cellulose wood and bark wastes as feed stuff and fertilizer. Recent trends
in use of fish canning industries, trend in utilizing tannery waste.
8. Recent trend in eco-toxicology :
Manual and methods of studying toxicology, animal agent in toxicology, evaluation
method, toxicity test, statistical concept or LD50, Dose effect and dose response.
Relations ships, biological and chemical factors that influence toxicity response of
ecosystems to chemical stress, recent trends in study and monitoring, pollution and
evolution.
9. Environmental management of inorganic solid and liquid wastes :
Trends of research assessment and study of movement at subsoil level in water
bodies, mines and quarries agricultural practices, and fertilizer and pesticide use and
their movement, chemical approach, biological approach to the problem of
Genetic engineering and its application in production of microorganisms and
their use in garbage decomposition.
Reference books :
1. Salomons W. And Forstner U. (Ed) Environmental management of solid
wastes Spinger V.
2. Bewick M. W. M. : (Ed.) Hand book of organic waste Conservation, V. N.
Reinhold.
3. Levin S. A. Harwell M. A., Kelly J. R., Kuuball K. D. (Ed.) Ecotoxicology :
Problems and Approach, Spinger V.
4. Bergon M. , Fitter A. H. and Mc Faybyen A. (Ed.) Advance in Ecological
Research.
5. Text book of Environmental Engineering : P. Venugopala Rao, Prentice – Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd. Delhi
Paper – III : Elective / Optional paper
1. Biodiversity and conservation
2. Wild life studies,
3. Eco-physiology and Biomonitoring
4. Eco-toxicology
5. Environmental Health
6. Environmental Management
7. Industrial Pollution
8. Environmental mutagens and carcinogenesis,
NOTE : Candidate and the respective guides have liberty to choose any of
the above elective paper from any group.
Paper – III Elective / Optional papers
1: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
1. Introduction to Biodiversity : Need to ensure biodiversity of our planet,
Biodiversity in Global and regional contest importance of biodiversity for
sustainable development.
2. Climate Geographic conditions and life : Climatic conditions and distribution of
plants and animals. – Geographical features and distribution of flora and
fauna.
3. Forests and Zoogeographical regions of world : Biomes, Tundra, Tropical
savanna, grass land, Tropical rain forest, desert semi-desert, coniferous
forest, chaparral, Temperate – deciduous and deciduous biomes.
4. Vanishing diversity : Decreasing animal and plant diversity causes of decreasing and
vanishing rate of flora and fauna at global and Nation level. Influence of global
climatic changes, on biodiversity.
5. Impact of human development on biodiversity :
Developmental activities and loss of biodiversity. Impact of pollution on biodiversity.
Natural and Man made factors influencing biodiversity.
6. Biodiversity presentation and conservation: Sustainable use of diversity in
human development. Population, sustainable development and preservation
of biodiversity. Land scape for regional diversity. Biosphere reserve, National
parks, Zoos and Wildlife. Wild life refugees, gene bank and conservation of
animal and plant life.
7. Biodiversity of third world : Some special features of biodiversity of third world.
Deterioration of biodiversity or third world. Management of biodiversity of third
world.
8. Biodiversity of India :
Regional features of biodiversity in India. Causes of deterioration of biodiversity in
India, Conservation Programme for maintenance of biodiversity of India.
References :
1. Global Biodiversity Assesment , V.H.Heywood & Watson , R.T.,
2. Environmental Hydrology by Andy. D. Ward and William J.Elliot, Lewis
3. Environmental Geography,.Valdia ,K..S(1987)
4. Physical Geography - S. Strahler ,John Wiley & Sons.
5. Singh, Samar, 1986. conserving India’s Natural Heritage. Natraj Publisher, Dehradun.
6. Cox, C.B., Healey, I.N. and Moore, P.D. 1976. Biogeography 2nd Edition, Blackwell,
Oxford.
7. Earth Science - Turbuck E. J.
8. Hunter, Malcolm L. Jr. 1990. Wildlife, forests and Forestry : Principles of Managing
Forests for Biodiversity, Englewood Cliffs. N. J., Prentice Hall.
9. INDP 1992. Global Biodiversity Strategy, Washington, DC, World Resource Institute.
10. WCMC 1992. Global biodiversity : Status of the Earth;s Living Resources, Chapman
and Hall.
11. Wilson E.O. (Ed.) 1988. Biodiversity, Washigton, D. C. National Academy Press.
2 : WILD LIFE STUDIES
1. Wild life studies: Global status, significance and scope with particular
reference to India.
2. Wild life distribution and value : Global distribution, Indian wild fauna, Wildlife
byproducts and trade, Ethical value, Scientific value, medicinal value, game
and recreation value, ecological value, wild life as natural resource in India.
3. Wild life extinction : Natural endangered species, cause of extinction, causes
of accelerating rate of extinction. Species endangered due to human induced
environmental change. Vulnerable species, threatened species, greatly
endangered species, extended species from India.
4. Wild life conservation : Historical background, Need of conservation projects
in India.
5. Wild life conservation movements : Global and National Zoos, National parks,
Dangerous animals and man, Human reactions to danger our animal
conservation.
6. Wild life Management : Biological and ecological basis of wild life
management, Principles of wild life management. Comparative studies on
global and national wild life management, Management of game species,
aquatic animals, reptiles and big mammals. Zoo management.
7. Wild life and Tourism : Role of wild life in tourism, Global and Indian status of
wild life in relation to tourism, Impact of Tourism on protected wild life.
Ecological impact of wild land.
8. Organisations : National and International, Government and Non Government
organizations of conservation and management of wild life.
9. Wild life and legislation : Constitutional provisions, National and International
laws, Effectiveness of wild life protection act – 1992.
References :
1. Global Biodiversity Assesment , V.H.Heywood & Watson , R.T.
2. Singh, Samar, 1986. conserving India’s Natural Heritage. Natraj Publisher, Dehradun.
3. Hunter, Malcolm L. Jr. 1990. Wildlife, forests and Forestry : Principles of Managing
Forests for Biodiversity, Englewood Cliffs. N. J., Prentice Hall.
4. INDP 1992. Global Biodiversity Strategy, Washington, DC, World Resource Institute.
5. WCMC 1992. Global biodiversity : Status of the Earth;s Living Resources, Chapman
and Hall.
6. Wilson E.O. (Ed.) 1988. Biodiversity, Washigton, D. C. National Academy Press.
7. Wildlife Demography - Analysis of Sex, Age, and Count Data John Skalski,
Kristin Ryding and Joshua Millspaugh Academic press, November 2005.
8. Wildlife Study Design (2nd edition) Edited by Morrison, M.L., Block, W.M.,
Strickland, M.D., Collier, B.A., Peterson, M.J. Springer, 2008.
3. ECO - PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMONITORING
1. Ecological adaptations of plants through photosynthesis and respiration,
C3,C4, CAM systems of photosynthetic assimilation and their ecological adaptive
significance.
2. Response of plants to high and low temperature stress, physiological
assessment of high and low temperature effect, photochemical changes.
3. Response of plants to irradiance, adaptation to high light intensity and low
light intensity, physiological mechanism in shade loving plants, effect of
spectral qualities UVB effect and response, UVB and ozone depletion.
4. Plants and water deficit : Soil – Plant – atmosphere continuum, soil and plant
water, soil water potential, field capacity, permanent wilting percentage, plant
water potential, relative water content water deficit and physiological
response, xerophytes and draught tolerance, mechanism of draught
tolerance. Ecosystem water balance, methods of measuring water balance.
5. Ecological adaptation to water logging, physicochemical characteristics of
wet soils adaptations to wet land environment, exclusion, provision of air
space, anaerobic metabolism and other adaptation to water logging genetic
basis of tolerance.
6. Response of stomata to environmental stress effect of SO2, NOx and other
atmospheric pollution.
7. Avoidance of ecological adversities in plants and animals, indicators of
ecosystems response and recovery to adversities.
8. Ecological engineering biological and geochemical aspects, Biological
engineering of marine tailing beds, reclamation of mined area and
maintenance of biodiversity.
9. Bio deteriorating organisms their role in bio-deterioration, their use as
monitoring system of environmental degradation.
10. Eco-toxicology : problems and approach, ion toxicity in plants and animals
salt affected soils, sodic, cellulose and acid soils, and their interaction with
plants, culture and reclamation methods, heavy metals in atmosphere in
water bodies in soil and interaction of plants with them, Hyper-saline
environment and biomonitoring through bacteria, yeast, cyanobacteria,
harvesting saline and arid soil.
References :
1. Levin etal (Ed.) Ecotoxicology Problems and Approach Springer Verlag.
2. Different volumes of : Advance in Ecological Research.
3. Edwards G. and Walker D.1 C3, C4 mechanisms and cellular and environmental
Regulation of photosynthesis. Blackwell Scientific ph.
4. Filter A. H. and Hay R. K. M. : Environmental Physiology of plants. Itnd Ed. A.
P.
5. Etherington J. R. : Environment and plant Ecology. John W. Filey.
6. Javor B. : Hypersoline Environments Springer Verlag
7. Salmons W. and Forstner U. (Ed.)
Environmental Management of solid waste Sringer Verlag.
4 : ECOTOXICOLOGY
1. Models in Ecotoxicology :
Physical and biological scales, aggregation, simplification, and the problem of
dimensionality, equilibrium and variability.
2. Mathematical models :
Components of models, transport, salinity and solids analyses, organic
chemicals in the water column, case study of Thames river (In due course a
data bank should be built for Ganga / Krishna river and later may replace the
case study of Thames River).
3. Deterministic and statistical models of chemical fate in aquatic systems :
Theory, steady state simplification, deterministic time variable models,
statistical variation in fish.
4. Bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic pollutants :
Physical and chemical considerations and bioavailability, Biological uptake,
retention, metabolism and release, bivalve molluscs, fish, crustaceans and
polychaetes, dietary source of organic pollutants.
5. Environmental chemical stress effects associated with C and P :
Biogeochemical cycles : Carbon and phosphorus cycles, simple cycles
models, analysis of environmental stresses in C and P cycles.
6. Biomonitoring : Biomonitioring programmes for ecosystems, ecotoxicological
and biomonitoring systems.
7. Indicators of ecosystem response and recovery :
Stress, ecosystem response and recovery, ecosystem indicators.
8. Effects of heavy metals in an aquatic ecosystem :
Toxicity of metal ions, effects of heavy metals on the composition of the
micro benthos, the evolution of resistance to heavy metals, heavy metal
accumulation and detoxification in resistant biota.
9. Biological monitoring of toxic metals :
Need and feasibility of environmental and biological monitoring in
occupational health, biological monitoring of Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, Cr, metals in
advanced high technology like AAS.
10. Chemical methods of trace and ultra trace level analysis :
Preconcentration, AA and plasma emission, X-ray fluorosence, use of
ring oven, radioassay methods, substoichiometric analysis, analysis of urine,
bones, hair and nail, blood. Organic toxic chemicals in the environment,
approved methods of chemical analysis, GC, HPLC, GC-MS.
11 In-vitro Toxicity testing of environmental agents :
Design of short-term mutagenesis tests, AMES test Bacillus subtilis rec- assay, E. Coli / Phage assay, salmonella system test, Nematode
mutagenicity test, Maize microbe bioassay, test using tradascantia plant,
genetic effects in Drosophila fruit fly, CHO / HGPTR mutagenicity assay, rat
liver cells and carcinogens.
12 Regulatory frame work for eco-toxicology :
Study of the following laws TSCA, CWA, CAA, RCRA, CERCLA, SDWA,
FIFRA, Legal provisions in India.
13 Applied toxicology : Biotechnology and toxicology forensic science,
Reference books :
1. S. A. Levin, M. A. Marwell J. R. Kelly, K. D. Kimbal : Ecotoxicology : Problems
and approaches : Springer – verlag.
2. A. R. Kolber, T. K. Wong, D. D. Grant, R. S. Dewosking and T. J. Hughes In
vitro toxicity testing of environmental agents parts A & B. Plenum.
3. T. W. Claukson, L. Friberg, G. F. Nordberg, and P. R. Sager Biological
monitoring of metals Plenum
4. E. R. Flunkett Hand-Book of Industrial toxicology Aruold.
5. Environmental Sanitation, Ehlers, V.M., add Steel, E.W., McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Inc.
6 Toxic Chemicals, health and the Environment, Lave, L.B and Upton, A.C. 1987. The
HopkinsPress Ltd., London.
7. Basic Environmental Toxicology, Lorris G. Cockerham & Barbara S. Shane, CRC Press.
8. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Wayne G.Landi Ming-Ho Yu.
9. Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Ed.by Lewis J.Cralley, Lester V. Cralley,
James S. Bus.
10. Hazardous waste management - Charles A. Wentz, 2nd Edition, 1995, Mc Graw Hill
International.
11. Integrated Solid waste management - George Tchobanoglous, Hilary &
Samuel A. Vigil.
12. Standard handbook of hazardous waste - Harry M. Freeman, Mc Graw Hill
1997. treatment and disposal.
13. Environmental Sanitation, Ehlers, V.M., add Steel, E.W., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
14. Toxicology- The Basic Science of Poisons, Louis J Casarette, John Doull. Mc Millan
Publishing Co. Inc. New York.
15. Modern Toxicology, Gupta , Salunkhe, Metropolitian Book Co. Pvt. Ltd.
16. Perry, G. 1980. Introduction of Environmental Toxicology, Elsavier, Netherland.
5 : ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
1. Concept of Environment and Health.
- Geographic approach
- Ecological approach
- Biological approach
- Clinical approach
2. Natural calamities and disease epidemiology.
Earth atmosphere system and global health changes.
- Exogenous – endogences and anthropogonic.
- Disease epidemology in environmental hazards.
- Disaster management in relation to human health and survival.
3. Environmental health hazards.
- Health hazards of the Physical Environment.
- Health hazards of the Chemical Environment
- Health hazards of the Biological Environment.
- Health hazards of the Human Environment.
4. Environmental health assessment, monitoring and protection :
- Health surveillance by medical examination.
- Monitoring exposure levels of toxic agents.
- Risk assessment and safety and occupational epidemiology.
5. Environmental health protection programme :
- Health protection programme.
- Health services and administration
- Integrated health care.
6. Improvement in environment health conditions :
- A community base approach.
- Urbanization environmental health and related problems.
7. Statutory provisions on environmental health and safety.
8. Needs and priorities of improvement of environmental health.
References:
1. Environmental Geology, K. Valdia, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing House.
2. Lal D.S., Climatology, Parag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.
3. Moeller, Dave, W. 1992. Environmental Health. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press.
4. Kathryn Hilgenkamp Environmental Health: Ecological Perspectives , Jones And
Bartlett Publishers (Sep 2005).
5. K. Park., Preventive and Social Medicine, Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur.
6. May J.M., The Ecology of Human Disease, M. D. Publications, New York.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
1. Our Environment :
- Environment man and Settlements.
- Environment and Development.
- Issues and challenges of environment.
2. Environmental Problems:
- Natural resources : Scarcity and non-renewability.
- Urbanization and related environmental problems.
- Deterioration of biodiversity.
- Environmental hazards and toxicity.
- Pollution and its management.
- Population explosion and man made global effects.
- Socio - economic environmental problems.
3. Environmental management strategies:
- Need of management.
- Management of ecosystem.
- Management of natural resources.
- Pollution management and clean environment.
- Assessment of waste-land, land use management.
- Risk assessment and management of environmental hazards.
- Surface water management and natural farming.
- Energy crisis and its management.
4. Environment Conservation :
- Ecological basis of nature conservation.
- Conservation of natural resources.
- Alternative energy sources, Non-conventional energy sources and
energy conservation, National park, Marine park, Eco-park, Sanctuaries
and Zoo management, conservation of biodiversity and gene bank.
5. Environmental management and legislation :
- Global and National environmental policy.
- Environmental laws and acts.
- Global legislation and environmental management.
6. Some case studies of environmental conservation and management.
References :
1. Environmental Law and Policy of India ,Diwan,S. and Rosencranz, A, 2001, Oxford
University Press.
2. Environmental Policy in India, Shekhar Singh, IIPA, New Delhi
3. Declaration of :The Stockholm Conference,Rio, Rio+5 and Rio +10
4. Our Common Future,WECD,1991
5. Universal Environment and Pollution Law Manual , S.K.Mohanty,1998
6. Legal Aspects of Environmental Pollution and Management , S.M.Ali,1992.
7. Environmental Protection and Laws, Jadhav and Bhosale, V.M. Himalaya publishing
House.
8. Environmental Impact Assessment, Canter, L.W., 1977, McGraw Hills New York.
9. Environmental Impact Assessment, Peter Wathern ,Unwin Hywin, London.
10. Pallister, Environmental Management: A Core Text For O Level And IGCSE -
Teacher's Guide (OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS).
11. Sivakumar, M.V.K. , Chaudhary, R.N. Environmental Management:
Engineering The Water-Environment And Geo-Environment , Elsevier Science
(1998).
12. Bala Krishnamoorthy, Environmental Management, Prentice-hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., 1st Edition.
13. Eekenfelder Jr. W. W. : Principles of water Quality Management EBI Boston,
1980.
14. Barrow C. J. Environmental Management For Sustainable Development,
Routledge Publishers, 2nd Edition.
7 : INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
1. Present status of industrial pollution in India :
Nature of general neglect of safety measures and its ecological ill effects, Size
and issues of the problem, Economics of pollution measures, legal provisions
for industrial pollution control, land, river and air pollution in major industrial
cities in India, Health and occupational hazards.
2. Chemical analysis of Pollutants :
Sampling of air, water and soil, analysis of gas, water and soil by using national and
international standard recommended methods, detailed study of particulate matters,
biological and biochemical techniques.
3. Industrial wastewater treatment :
Extension of aerobic and anaerobic methods to industrial effluents, recovery of
pollutants by various physico-chemical methods like precipitation, solvent extraction,
chemical conversion and biodegradable or less hazardous products, economics,
ultimate use of pollutants, process plant designs.
4. Treatment of industrial gaseous discharges :
Process plant designs for gas and vapor treatments recovery economics.
5. Pollution control in heavy industries :
Nature and composition of effluents, treatment methods presently applied,
development of process for bringing down the pollutant levels to allowed levels and
zero level, Recovery and recycle economics, Process plant designs in (a) fertilizer
industry, (b) Petroleum refineries and petrochemical industries, (c) sugar and
byproduct industries, (d) textile industries, (e) ferrous and non ferrous metallurgy,
(f) Paper and pulp industries, (g) electroplating and metal finishing (h) production of
heavy chemicals and (i) tanning industry.
6. Strategies for developing pollution free industrial process :
Need for developing alternative safe technologies, chemical methods involving
elimination of highly corrosive and toxic reagents like H2SO4, Cl2 etc. Use of
functional polymers, their synthesis and application in development of safe industrial
processes, Use of less hazardous pathways for synthesis, Elimination of objection
chemicals residues like pentachlorophenol, pesticide residues, microorganisms
forming export quality consumer goods.
References :
1. Mahajan S. P. : Pollution control In Process Industries Tata Mc Graw-Hill pb.
1991.
2. Metcaff and Eddy : Waste water Engineering : Treatment, Disposal and
Reuse, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999
3. Eekenfelder Jr. W. W.: Principles of water Quality Management EBI Boston,
1980.
4. Environmental Pollution Control, C.S. Rao, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,1993
5. Air Pollution Control and Engineering, De Nevers, Mc Graw Hills, 1993
6. Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution, Krishnan Khannan S.Chand & Company
Ltd.,1994.
7. Environmental Chemistry, A.K.De., New Age Intl. pub Co, New Delhi, 1990.
8. .Environmental Pollution Anlysis- Khopkar
8 : ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS
1. Introduction : History of development of mutation research from 1900 -1953,
1953-1965 and 1965 – present time, classification of mutational changes at the
chromosomal level intergenic and intragenic changes, classification of gene mutation,
mutations affecting single and several genes, reverse mutations.
2. Chemical mutagens : Alkylating agents, purines, acridines, hydroxyl amines,
hydrazine, bisulphite, nitrous oxide, 4-nitroquinotime-1-oxide, urethan, N-nitroso-NPhenyl
urea and other mutagens, chemistry and biochemistry of the molecules and
their effects.
3. Molecular Mechanisms of mutation : Causes and types of alterations of the
hereditary material, defection of chromosome aberrations and systems of genetic
analysis, primary DNA alterations, correlation between teratogenic and mutagenic
effects of chemicals and minerals.
4. Effects on DNA : Chemical methods : isolation, degradation of DNA and
Separation of products, spectroscopic and radio-analytical methods of
identification of products, transforming principles, experimental methods,
methods of screening and detecting potential mutagenic, carcinogenic, and
teratogenic agents.
5. Induction and Analysis of gene mutations in mammalian cells in culture : Cell
material, use of markers, techniques and their applications, Dominant lethal
mutations in mammals, integration of the dominant lethal assay and other
mutagenicity tests into general toxicological practices.
6. Applied mutation research : Techniques of increasing the number of useful
mutations and reducing the number of harmful mutations, radiation hazards,
environmental chemical mutagens, human population monitoring. Role of
environmental factors / carcinogens in the commonly occurring cancer and
prevention.
7. Chemical carcinogens: Mode of action of chemical carcinogens, direct acting
chemical carcinogens, organic compounds, platinum (II) amine chelates, solid
state materials.
8. Reactions of chemical carcinogens : Types of reactions, modifying factors in
chemical carcinogens, bioassay of chemical carcinogens.
9. Carcinogenesis and the Environment : Environmental hazards and
preventive measures to lower the hazard level.
References :
1. Environmental Sanitation, Ehlers, V.M., add Steel, E.W., McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Inc.
2 Toxic Chemicals, health and the Environment, Lave, L.B and Upton, A.C. 1987. The
HopkinsPress Ltd., London.
3 Basic Environmental Toxicology, Lorris G. Cockerham & Barbara S. Shane, CRC Press.
4. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Wayne G.Landi Ming-Ho Yu.
5. Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Ed.by Lewis J.Cralley, Lester V. Cralley,
James S. Bus.
6. Hazardous waste management - Charles A. Wentz, 2nd Edition,
1995, Mc Graw Hill International
7. Integrated Solid waste management - George Tchobanoglous, Hilary &
Samuel A. Vigil
8. Standard handbook of hazardous waste - Harry M. Freeman, Mc Graw Hill
1997. treatment and disposal
9. Environmental Sanitation, Ehlers, V.M., add Steel, E.W., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
10. Toxicology- The Basic Science of Poisons, Louis J Casarette, John Doull. Mc Millan
Publishing Co. Inc. New York.
12. Modern Toxicology, Gupta , Salunkhe, Metropolitian Book Co. Pvt. Ltd.
13. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Elsevier.
14. Phillips David H., Venitt Stanley, Environmental Mutagenesis (Human Molecular
Genetics) , Bios Scientific Publishers, UK.
Shivaji University, Kolhapur
syllabus for
Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science
The syllabus of the Ph. D. in Environmental Science shall have following
components.
a) Paper – I : Research Methodology ( 100 marks )
b) Paper – II : Recent Advances in Environmental Science ( 100 marks )
c) The term work of 100 marks, will consists of , two Seminars of 25 marks
each and Review of Published Research in the relevant field of his/her
specialization of 50 marks.
( Note : the student has to secure minimum 40% marks to successfully complete the
course work in individual head (a),(b) and (c) stated above )
Paper – I
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Unit 1.
a. Principles of scientific research experimentation in natural sciences. Postulation of
hypothesis deduction, induction and generalization with special reference to
Environmental Science.
b. Design, execution, analysis and evaluation of experiments.
c. Methodology : (i) Selection of Methodology of study various tools and their
scope and limitation in application,
(ii) Selection of research topic, Library consultation, compilation
of working, bibliography preparation from reference card.
d. Technique and knowledge of preparation of abstracts, Manuscripts, Dissertation thesis
and report writing.
Unit 2.
a. Writing research grant proposal and reports.
b. Preparation of articles for scientific journal, typing / printing -manuscripts, margins,
spacing, heading and title page numbers, tables and illustrations, corrections and
insertion, preparation of contents.
c. Preparation of list of work cited : General guidelines, placement, arrangement,
citation of books, and other references, citation technique in report writing,
information storage and retrieval sample entries, maintenance of field note book.
d. Abbreviations and reference words, standard abbreviations, scientific connotations, SI
Units, geographical names, common scholarly abbreviations and reference/key works,
publishers names, symbols and abbreviations used in printing technology and proof
reading.
e. Social and ethical aspect of research plagiarism.
f. Copy Right Laws and their protection.
Unit 3. Biostatistics
a. Definition, population and sample, sampling techniques and types of samples,
statistics and parameters.
b. Summarization of data and estimation
i) Measures of Central tendency – Mean, Median, Mode
ii) Measures of Dispersion – Variance and Standard Deviation
iii) Estimation – Confidence Interval
c. Hypothesis testing – significance testing, Student’s `t’ test, Chi square test.
d. Analysis – ANOVA, Regression and Correlation analysis.
Unit 4. Computer Applications :
a. Spreadsheet Tool: Introduction to spreadsheet application, features and functions,
Using formulas and functions, Data storing, Features for Statistical data analysis,
Generating charts/ graph and other features. Tools used may be Microsoft Excel,
Open office or similar tool.
b. Presentation Tool: Introduction to presentation tool, features and functions,
Creating presentation, Customizing presentation, Showing presentation. Tools
used may be Microsoft Power Point, Open Office or similar tool.
c. Web Search: Introduction to Internet, Use of Internet and WWW, Using search
engine like Google, Yahoo etc, Using advanced search techniques.
Reference books :
1. Bedekar V. H. 1982 – How to write assignments, research papers,
dissertations. Kanak New Delhi.
2. Barzam J. and Graff Henry, 1977- The Modern Researcher. Hercoust
Brace. Javanavish Inc. 3rd Ed.
3. Gatner, E. S. M. & F. Cardasco 1970 – Research and report writing, Pb.
Bernes and Noble, N. Y.
4. Gibaldi pseph & Acheert Walters, 1981 – Modern Languaga Association Hand
Book for Writers of Research paper – Affiliated East West press Pvt. Ltd.
5. Gupta S. P. 1978 Science and its methodology Ajanta pb.
6. Glick D. and Reschboam R. M. 1977 – Techniques of biological and
biophysical methodology, J. Wilen & Sons, London
7. Salunkhe D. K. and Bapat D. R. 1984 – Preparation and Presentation of
scientific publications ph. Registrar M. P. K. V. Rahuri.
8. R. Raman Nair : Computer application to library and informantion service
1992, E.S. S. Ess pb., New Delhi
9. M. L. Gillenson – Data base step by step, J. Wilen & Sons, 1990 N. Y.
10. P. V. S. Rao & P. Sadanandan (Ed.) – Modern trends in information
technology 1988, Tata MacGrow Hill, pb.
11. Kothari C.K. (2004), 2/e, Research Methodology_ Methods and Techniques ( New Age
International, New Delhi).
12. Krishnaswamy, K.N., Sivakumar, Appa Iyer and Mathiranjan M. (2006), Management
Resarach Methodology; Integration of Principles, Methods and Techniques ( Pearson
Education, New Delhi)
13. The complete reference Office Xp – Stephan L. Nelson, Gujulia Kelly (TMH)
14. Basic Computer Science and Communication Engineering – R. Rajaram (SCITECH)
Paper II
RECENT ADVANCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1. Global Scenario of Environment :
Our solar system, Earth as the only suitable habitat for the living organism, changes in
the environment caused by man and his activities, pre and post industrial
development, technological development and its impact on thinking and style of living
of man, human population explosion vis-à-vis erosion of ecosystem, natural resources
depletion, compromise in quality, recent trends in thinking and implementation.
2. Impact on Health :
First level health, second level effect on comfort, convenience and aesthetics, third
level effects on ecosystems and natural balance, Emergence of general awareness,
norms, laws, and legislation through world public platform and world summit and
world bodies, quality of environment and resource management, Recent trends.
3. Natural Process :
Recent trends and endeavor in achieving balance, study of ecosystems and assessment
of balance, forests, aquatic and ocean bio-geocycles, ecology of population
interaction, Energy in ecosystem. Stability, monoculture vs species diversity, impact
and assessment.
4. Trends and measure in conservations :
Recent trends in conservation of wild life, and genetic resources, gene pool and
endangered species and their conservation and protection, culturing as conservation of
species, national parks and animal in captivity, socio-psychological impact on them,
biochemical changes as reflected by behavioral changes of wild animals, breeding in
captivity of endangered animals sperm bank.
Tissue culture measures and conservation and preservation of biodiversity in
plant species, data base and recent trends of preserving endangered species,
Devarais as conservation method of forests. World trends and programme in
conservation of biodiversities, legislation against poaching and hunting and
their implementation some word examples of national parks.
5. Recent trends in energy studies :
Present state, Prospects and problems alternative measures, Energy from biomes,
energy plantation, fast growing trees and environmental problems, plantation for clean
environment and ecological balance, biogas, wind mills and rural energy supply, city
garbage and domestic wastes and their recycling for energy and fertilizer, minihydal
projects vs major hydal projects, cost benefit ratio in terms of ecological
conservation future plans, and possible means.
6. Water supply :
Present and past status and needs of urban and rural society, impact of
industrialization and socio-economic transformation in urban structures, supply and
demand ratio of water and sources. Need to diffuse urbanization and implementation
of recycling system of waste water biological methods and chemical methods,
revamping of sewage disposal system and need to recycle, water requirement of rural
community, agro industries and socio-economic transformation and its impact on
water supply, remedial measures in recharging of ground water, metrological
problems and fluctuation in water resources, Integrated approach to the problem of
short range and long range nature.
7. Recent trends in organic waste conversion:
Agricultural wastes as fertilizer and feed stuff, Brewery and distillery waste and their
utilization, utilization of wastes from fermentation industry, wastes from paper factory
and related cellulose wood and bark wastes as feed stuff and fertilizer. Recent trends
in use of fish canning industries, trend in utilizing tannery waste.
8. Recent trend in eco-toxicology :
Manual and methods of studying toxicology, animal agent in toxicology, evaluation
method, toxicity test, statistical concept or LD50, Dose effect and dose response.
Relations ships, biological and chemical factors that influence toxicity response of
ecosystems to chemical stress, recent trends in study and monitoring, pollution and
evolution.
9. Environmental management of inorganic solid and liquid wastes :
Trends of research assessment and study of movement at subsoil level in water
bodies, mines and quarries agricultural practices, and fertilizer and pesticide use and
their movement, chemical approach, biological approach to the problem of
Genetic engineering and its application in production of microorganisms and
their use in garbage decomposition.
Reference books :
1. Salomons W. And Forstner U. (Ed) Environmental management of solid
wastes Spinger V.
2. Bewick M. W. M. : (Ed.) Hand book of organic waste Conservation, V. N.
Reinhold.
3. Levin S. A. Harwell M. A., Kelly J. R., Kuuball K. D. (Ed.) Ecotoxicology :
Problems and Approach, Spinger V.
4. Bergon M. , Fitter A. H. and Mc Faybyen A. (Ed.) Advance in Ecological
Research.
5. Text book of Environmental Engineering : P. Venugopala Rao, Prentice – Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd. Delhi

__________________
Answered By StudyChaCha Member

dear sir,
I would like to get the sample paper or practice paper for fitter trade.