Go Back   StudyChaCha 2024 2025 > StudyChaCha Discussion Forum > General Topics

  #1  
Old May 23rd, 2012, 10:17 AM
Super Moderator
 
Join Date: Jun 2013
Default

Dear Friend’s I am looking for my IES ECE PAPER - II syllabus so please can you give me the syllabus and tell me from where can I download the syllabus and provide me the PDF of the syllabus?

Here I am sharing the IES Syllabus for Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering with you

Paper-1 Syllabus for Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering:

1) Materials and Components –

Materials and Components are the vertebral column of Electronics and Telecommunication zone. Electronic materials are at the central part of design, expansion of electronic component built-up at the same time electronic components are the empathy of electronic equipment hardware. New-fangled technologies used for trimness of electronic hardware a which are driven by innovations in progression technologies. This includes:-

Structure and properties of Electrical Engineering materials; Semiconductors , Conductors, and Insulators, Ferroelectric, magnetic,Piezoelectric, Optical, Ceramic and Super-conducting materials. Passive components and characteristics Capacitors , Resistorsand Inductors; Electromagnetic and Electromechanical components , Ferrites, Quartz crystal Ceramic resonators.

2) Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs –
Physical electronics , various electronics devices, ICs form the core of Electronics and Telecommunication branch. This part includes
Electrons and holes in semiconductors, Mechanism of current flow in a semiconductor, Carrier Statistics, Hall effect; Different types of diodes and their characteristics; Junction theory; Bipolar Junction transistor; Power switching devices like GTOs, SCRs, power MOSFETS; MOS and CMOS types , Basics of ICs – bipolar; Field effect transistors; basic of Opto Electronics.

3) Signals and Systems –

A Signal is a description of how one parameter varies with another parameter whereas a system is a process that results an output signal when an input signal is given. This section includes
Classification of systems and signals; System modelling in terms of differential and difference equations; Fourier series; State variable representation; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals and their applications; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and characterisation of discrete time systems; Correlation functions , Random signals and probability; Response of linear system to random inputs; Spectral density.

4) Network theory –

A network is a anthology of interrelated components. Analysis of network is the method of finding the currents through, voltages across every module in the network. There are diverse techniques for scheming these values .This includes
Network analysis techniques; transient response, Network theorems, steady state sinusoidal response; Tellegen’s theorem. Two port networks; Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Z, Y, h and transmission parameters. Analysis of common two ports , Combination of two ports. Network functions : obtaining a network function from a given part , parts of network functions. Elements of network synthesis. Transmission criteria : Elmore’s and other definitions effect of cascading ,delay and rise time.

5) Electromagnetic Theory –
The electromagnetic force is considered to be one of the basic interactions in nature. This force is depicted by electromagnetic forces which has immeasurable physical instances along with the interface of particles charged electrically and the interface of uncharged magnetic force fields
This segment includes:-
Boundary value problems and their solutions; Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations; Analysis of magnetostatic and electrostatic fields; Maxwell’s equations; Transmission lines : basic theory, matching applications, standing waves, microstrip lines; Basics of wave guides and resonators; application to wave propagation in unbounded and bounded media; Elements of antenna theory.

6) Electronic Measurements and Electronic instrumentation –
Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements represents a inclusive handling of the operation, applications, performance and limitations of both analog and digital instruments. This includes
Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working : analog and digital, application , comparison, characteristics. Transducers; Measurements of basic electrical quantities and parameters; basics of telemetry for industrial use; Electronic measurements of non electrical quantities like pressure, temperature,humidity etc .

Paper-2 Syllabus for Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering :

This part is for both objective and conventional type papers:

1) Analog Electronic Circuits –

Analog electronics considered to be systems in electronics with a Continuous inconsistent signal .The word “analogue” describes the relative association amid current or voltage and a signal .This includes:-
Transistor biasing and stabilization. Power amplifiers. Frequency response. Small signal analysis. Feedback amplifiers. Wide banding techniques. Tuned amplifiers. Power supplies and Rectifiers. PLL, Op Amp, other linear integrated circuits and applications. Oscillators. Waveform generators and Pulse shaping circuits .

2) Digital Electronic Circuits –
Digital electronics circuits correspond to signals by distinct bands of analog level. All levels inside a band symbolize the identical signal status. This includes:-
Transistor as a switching element; Simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaguh map , Boolean algebra, and applications; IC logic families : DTL, ECL, TTL, NMOS, CMOS and PMOS gates and their comparison; Full adder , Half adder; IC Logic gates and their characteristics; Digital comparator; Multiplexer Demulti-plexer; Flip flops. J-K, R-S, T and D flip-flops; Combinational logic Circuits; Different types of registers and counters Waveform generators. Semiconductor memories.A/D and D/A converters. ROM an their applications.

3) Control Systems –
A control system is said to be a gadget or a lay down of devices that commands, manages, regulates the performance of supplementary systems. In industrial fabrication control systems are used. This includes:-
Transient and steady state response of control systems; Root locus techniques; Concepts of gain and phase margins: Constant-N Nichol’s Chart and Constant-M ; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity; Approximation of transient response from Constant-N Nichol’s Chart; Design of Control Systems, Compensators; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response; Industrial controllers. Frequency response analysis.

4) Communication Systems –
It’s a collection of individual communication networks, relay stations,transmission systems and data terminal equipments which are interfaced together to form an integrated system. In communications system its subsystem are said to be a functional assembly of systems . This includes:-
Basic information theory; Sampling and data reconstructions; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Quantization & coding; Frequency division multiplexing and Time division ; Optical Communication : in free space & fiber optic; Equalization; Propagation of signals at VHF, HF, UHF and microwave frequency; Satellite Communication.

5) Microwave Engineering –
Microwave engineering deals with the study and planning of microwave components, circuits and systems. Elementary ideology are applied to design , analyze and measure techniques. This includes:-
Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Waveguides and other Microwave Components and Circuits, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Microstrip circuits, Microwave Measurements, lasers ,Masers, Microwave Antennas; Microwave Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based. Microwave propagation.

6) Computer Engineering –
Computer engineering is a branch that integrates numerous fields of computer science necessary to build up computer software as well as hardware. Computer engineers are mainly concerned with hardware and software aspects of computing from design of computer , microprocessors and other circuit designs. This includes:-
Number Systems. Programming; Data representation; Elements of a high level programming language PASCAL/C; Control unit design; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design; Use of basic data structures; I/o System Organisation , Memory organisation. Microprocessors : Architecture and instruction set of Microprocessors 8086 and 8085, Assembly language Programming. Personal computers and their typical uses.Microprocessor Based system design : typical examples.

Last edited by Aakashd; May 21st, 2019 at 12:22 PM.
Reply With Quote
Other Discussions related to this topic
Thread
IES Syllabus Mechanical Syllabus






  #2  
Old May 23rd, 2012, 04:13 PM
Super Moderator
 
Join Date: May 2011
Default Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

Here we have uploaded the syllabus of IES ECE PAPER - II. You can get the syllabus after downloading it and to download the syllabus you have to do registration.

Here is the syllabus:
engineersinstitute.com/IES_ESE2012-13_Syllabus_ELECTRONICS_TELECOMM_engineering.php
__________________
Answered By StudyChaCha Member
Reply With Quote
  #3  
Old March 8th, 2013, 11:34 AM
raghu rama
Guest
 
Default Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

Will you please provide me the IES Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering syllabus as a PDF format?
Reply With Quote
  #4  
Old March 9th, 2013, 01:51 PM
Super Moderator
 
Join Date: Dec 2011
Default Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

You are looking for the IES Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering syllabus as a PDF format, here I am uploading a file, from where you can get the IES Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering syllabus, the syllabus has following papers:

PAPER – I 1
1.Materials And Components
2. Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs:
3. Signals and Systems:
4. Network Theory:
5. Electromagnetic Theory:
6. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation:

PAPER – II
1. Analog Electronic Circuits:
2. Digital Electronic Circuits
3. Control Systems:
4. Communication system
5. Microwave Engineering
6. Computer Engineering

IES ECE Syllabus
Attached Files Available for Download
File Type: pdf IES ECE Syllabus.pdf (20.0 KB, 633 views)
__________________
Answered By StudyChaCha Member
Reply With Quote
  #5  
Old December 16th, 2013, 03:08 PM
Unregistered
Guest
 
Default Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

Can any one here provide me the IES Syllabus for Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering??
Reply With Quote
  #6  
Old March 20th, 2014, 04:55 PM
Super Moderator
 
Join Date: Jun 2013
Default Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

Here I am providing Indian Engineering Syllabus for ECE

Paper – 1

1. Materials and Components:

Structure and properties of Electrical Engineering materials; Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators, magnetic, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Ceramic, Optical and Super-conducting materials. Passive components and characteristics Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors; Ferrities, Quartz crystal Ceramic resonators, Electromagnetic an Electromechanical components.

2. Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs:

Electrons and holes in semiconductors, Carrier Statistics, Mechanism of current flow in a semiconductor, Hall effect; Junction theory; Different types of diodes and their characteristics; Bipolar Junction transistor; Field effect transistors; Power switching devices like SCRs, CTOs, power MOSFETs; Basics of ICs – bipolar, MOS and CMOS types; basic to Opto Electronics.

3. Signals and Systems

Classification of signals and systems: System modeling in terms of differential and difference equations; State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals and their applications; Z-transforms and their Applications to the analysis and characterization of discrete time systems; Random signals and probability, Correlation functions; Spectral density; Response of linear system to random inputs.

4. Network theory

Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal response; Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen`s theorem. Two port networks; Z, Y h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports, analysis of common two ports. Network functions: parts of network functions, obtaining a network function from a given part. Transmission criteria: delay and rise time, Elmore’s and other definitions effect of cascading. Elements of network synthesis.

5. Electromagnetic Theory

Analysis of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields: Laplace`s and Piossons’s equations; Boundary value problems and their solutions; Maxwell’s equations; application to wave propagation in bounded and unbounded media; Transmission lines: basic theory, standing waves, matching applications, misconstrue lines.Basics of wave guides and resonators; Elements of antenna theory.

6. Electronic Measurements and instrumentation

Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Measurements of basic electrical quantities and parameters; Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working: analog and digital, comparison, characteristics, application. Transducers; Electronic measurements of non electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, humidity etc; basics of telemetry for industrial use.

PAPER – II

1. Analog Electronic Circuits:

Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency response. Wide banding techniques. Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators. Rectifiers and power supplies. Op Amp PLL, other linear integrated circuits and applications. Pulse shaping circuits and waveform generators.

2. Digital Electronic Circuits:

Transistor as a switching element; Boolean algebra, simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaguh map and applications; IC Logic gates and their characteristics; IC logic families: DTL, TTL, ECL, NMOS, PMOS and CMOS gates and their comparison; Combinational logic Circuits; Half adder, Full adder; Digital comparator; Multiplexer Demultiplexer; ROM and their applications. Flip flops. R-S, J.K, D and T flip-flops; Different types of counters and registers Waveform generators. A/D and D/A converters. Semiconductor memories.

3. Control Systems:

Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity; Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase margins: Constant-M and Constant-N Nichol’s Chart; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response; Design of Control Systems, Compensators; Industrial controllers.

4. Communication Systems:

Basic information theory; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Sampling and data reconstructions; Quantization & coding; Time division and frequency division multiplexing; Equalization; Optical Communication: in free space & fiber optic; Propagation of signals oat HF, VHF, UHF and microwave frequency; Satellite Communication.

5. Microwave Engineering:

Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides and other Microwave Components and Circuits, Misconstrue circuits, Microwave Antennas, Microwave Measurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation. Microwave Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based.

6. Computer Engineering:

Number Systems. Data representation; Programming; Elements of a high level programming language PASCAL/C; Use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design; Control unit design; Memory organization, l/o System Organisation. Microprocessors: Architecture and instruction set of Microprocessors 8085 and 8086, Assembly language Programming. Microprocessor Based system design: typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses.
__________________
Answered By StudyChaCha Member
Reply With Quote
  #7  
Old July 30th, 2014, 07:23 PM
Unregistered
Guest
 
Wink Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

Quote:
Originally Posted by akola View Post
Dear Friend’s I am looking for my IES ECE PAPER - II syllabus so please can you give me the syllabus and tell me from where can I download the syllabus and provide me the PDF of the syllabus?
Paper-1

1. Materials and Components :

Structure and properties of Electrical Engineering materials; Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators, magnetic,

Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Ceramic, Optical and Super-conducting materials.

Passive components and characteristics Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors; Ferrites, Quartz crystal Ceramic resonators,

Electromagnetic and Electromechanical components.



2. Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs:

Electrons and holes in semiconductors, Carrier Statistics, Mechanism of current flow in a semiconductor, Hall effect;

Junction theory; Different types of diodes and their characteristics; Bipolar Junction transistor;

Field effect transistors; Power switching devices like SCRs, GTOs, power MOSFETS; Basics of ICs - bipolar,

MOS and CMOS types; basic of Opto Electronics.



3. Signals and Systems

Classification of signals and systems: System modelling in terms of differential and difference equations;

State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis;

Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals and their applications;

Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and characterisation of discrete time systems;

Random signals and probability, Correlation functions; Spectral density; Response of linear system to random inputs.



4. Network theory

Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal response;

Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen’s theorem.

Two port networks; Z, Y, h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports,

analysis of common two ports. Network functions : parts of network functions, obtaining a network function from a given part.

Transmission criteria : delay and rise time, Elmore’s and other definitions effect of cascading.

Elements of network synthesis.



5. Electromagnetic Theory

Analysis of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields; Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations;

Boundary value problems and their solutions; Maxwell’s equations; application to wave propagation in bounded and

unbounded media; Transmission lines : basic theory, standing waves, matching applications, microstrip lines;

Basics of wave guides and resonators; Elements of antenna theory.



6. Electronic Measurements and instrumentation

Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Measurements of basic electrical quantities and parameters;

Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working : analog and digital, comparison, characteristics,

application. Transducers; Electronic measurements of non electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, humidity etc;

basics of telemetry for industrial use.




Paper-2

1. Analog Electronic Circuits :

Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency response. Wide banding techniques.

Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators. Rectifiers and power supplies. Op Amp, PLL, other linear integrated circuits

and applications. Pulse shaping circuits and waveform generators.




2. Digital Electronic Circuits :

Transistor as a switching element; Boolean algebra, simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaguh map and applications;

IC Logic gates and their characteristics; IC logic families : DTL, TTL, ECL, NMOS, PMOS and CMOS gates and their comparison;

Combinational logic Circuits; Half adder, Full adder; Digital comparator; Multiplexer Demulti-plexer;

ROM an their applications. Flip flops. R-S, J-K, D and T flip-flops; Different types of counters and registers Waveform generators.

A/D and D/A converters. Semiconductor memories.




3. Control Systems :

Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity;

Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase margins: Constant-M and Constant-N Nichol’s Chart;

Approximation of transient response from Constant-N Nichol’s Chart; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response;

Design of Control Systems, Compensators; Industrial controllers.




4. Communication Systems :

Basic information theory; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Sampling and data reconstructions;

Quantization & coding; Time division and frequency division multiplexing; Equalization; Optical Communication : in free space &

fiber optic; Propagation of signals at HF, VHF, UHF and microwave frequency; Satellite Communication.



5. Microwave Engineering :

Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides and other Microwave Components and

Circuits, Microstrip circuits, Microwave Antennas, Microwave Measurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation.

Microwave Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based.



6. Computer Engineering :

Number Systems. Data representation; Programming; Elements of a high level programming language PASCAL/C;

Use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design; Control unit design;

Memory organisation, I/o System Organisation. Microprocessors : Architecture and instruction set of Microprocessors 8085 and

8086, Assembly language Programming. Microprocessor Based system design : typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses.
Reply With Quote
  #8  
Old August 24th, 2019, 02:17 PM
Unregistered
Guest
 
Default Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

Can you provide me the syllabus of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Branch for Engineering Services Examination (ESE/IES) as I need it for preparation of the Exam?
Reply With Quote
  #9  
Old August 24th, 2019, 02:18 PM
Super Moderator
 
Join Date: Jun 2013
Default Re: IES Syllabus PDF ECE

The syllabus of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Branch for Engineering Services Examination (ESE/IES) is as follows:


Branch/Discipline: Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

(Contents for syllabi of both the Papers together for Stage-I objective type PaperII and separately for Stage-II Conventional type Paper-I and Paper II)

PAPER I


1. Basic Electronics Engineering:
Basics of semiconductors; Diode/Transistor basics and characteristics; Diodes for different uses; Junction & Field Effect Transistors (BJTs, JFETs, MOSFETs); Transistor amplifiers of different types, oscillators and other circuits; Basics of Integrated Circuits (ICs); Bipolar, MOS and CMOS ICs; Basics of linear ICs, operational amplifiers and their applications-linear/non-linear; Optical sources/detectors; Basics of Opto electronics and its applications.


2. Basic Electrical Engineering:
DC circuits-Ohms & Kirchoffs laws, mesh and nodal analysis, circuit theorems; Electro-magnetism, Faradays & Lenzs laws, induced EMF and its uses; Single-phase AC circuits; Transformers, efficiency; Basics-DC machines, induction machines, and synchronous machines; Electrical power sources- basics: hydroelectric, thermal, nuclear, wind, solar; Basics of batteries and their uses.


3. Materials Science:
Electrical Engineering materials; Crystal structure & defects; Ceramic materials-structures, composites, processing and uses; Insulating laminates for electronics, structures, properties and uses; Magnetic materials, basics, classification, ferrites, ferro/para-magnetic materials and components; Nano materials-basics, preparation, purification, sintering, nano particles and uses; Nano-optical/magnetic/electronic materials and uses; Superconductivity, uses.


4. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation:
Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision and standards; Analog and Digital systems for measurement, measuring instruments for different applications; Static/dynamic characteristics of measurement systems, errors, statistical analysis and curve fitting; Measurement systems for non-electrical quantities; Basics of telemetry; Different types of transducers and displays; Data acquisition system basics.


5. Network Theory:
Network graphs & matrices; Wye-Delta transformation; Linear constant coefficient differential equations- time domain analysis of RLC circuits; Solution of network equations using Laplace transforms- frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits; 2-port network parameters-driving point & transfer functions; State equations for networks; Steady state sinusoidal analysis.


6. Analog and Digital Circuits:
Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTS and FETs; Diode circuits for different uses; Biasing & stability of BJT & JFET amplifier circuits; Analysis/design of amplifier- single/multi-stage; Feedback& uses; Active filters, timers, multipliers, wave shaping, A/D-D/A converters; Boolean Algebra& uses; Logic gates, Digital IC families, Combinatorial/sequential circuits; Basics of multiplexers, counters/registers/ memories /microprocessors, design& applications.


PAPER II


1. Analog and Digital Communication Systems:
Random signals, noise, probability theory, information theory; Analog versus digital communication & applications: Systems- AM, FM, transmitters/receivers, theory/practice/ standards, SNR comparison; Digital communication basics: Sampling, quantizing, coding, PCM, DPCM, multiplexing-audio/video; Digital modulation: ASK, FSK, PSK; Multiple access: TDMA, FDMA, CDMA; Optical communication: fibre optics, theory, practice/standards.


2. Control Systems:
Classification of signals and systems; Application of signal and system theory; System realization; Transforms& their applications; Signal flow graphs, Routh-Hurwitz criteria, root loci, Nyquist/Bode plots; Feedback systems-open &close loop types, stability analysis, steady state, transient and frequency response analysis; Design of control systems, compensators, elements of lead/lag compensation, PID and industrial controllers.


3. Computer Organization and Architecture:
Basic architecture, CPU, I/O organisation, memory organisation, peripheral devices, trends; Hardware /software issues; Data representation& Programming; Operating systems-basics, processes, characteristics, applications; Memory management, virtual memory, file systems, protection & security; Data bases, different types, characteristics and design; Transactions and concurrency control; Elements of programming languages, typical examples.


4. Electro Magnetics:
Elements of vector calculus, Maxwells equations-basic concepts; Gauss, Stokes theorems; Wave propagation through different media; Transmission Lines-different types, basics, Smiths chart, impedance matching/transformation, S-parameters, pulse excitation, uses; Waveguides-basics, rectangular types, modes, cut-off frequency, dispersion, dielectric types; Antennas-radiation pattern, monopoles/dipoles, gain, arrays-active/passive, theory, uses.


5. Advanced Electronics Topics:
VLSI technology: Processing, lithography, interconnects, packaging, testing; VLSI design: Principles, MUX/ROM/PLA-based design, Moore & Mealy circuit design; Pipeline concepts & functions; Design for testability, examples; DSP: Discrete time signals/systems, uses; Digital filters: FIR/IIR types, design, speech/audio/radar signal processing uses; Microprocessors & microcontrollers, basics, interrupts, DMA, instruction sets, interfacing; Controllers & uses; Embedded systems.


6. Advanced Communication Topics:
Communication networks: Principles /practices /technologies /uses /OSI model/security; Basic packet multiplexed streams/scheduling; Cellular networks, types, analysis, protocols (TCP/TCPIP); Microwave & satellite communication: Terrestrial/space type LOS systems, block schematics link calculations, system design; Communication satellites, orbits, characteristics, systems, uses; Fibre-optic communication systems, block schematics, link calculations, system design.
__________________
Answered By StudyChaCha Member
Reply With Quote
Reply




All times are GMT +6. The time now is 06:56 PM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions Inc.
Search Engine Friendly URLs by vBSEO 3.6.0 PL2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8