Jamia Hamdard - Department Of Botany

Please provide the list of Jamia Hamdard - Department Of Botany research areas?

The Jamia Hamdard - Department Of Botany has following research areas:

Plants
Air pollution and impact on plant form
Function and medicinal properties
Genetic characterization of medicinal plants
Ethnobotany and plant systematic
Meristematic behaviour and secondary plant growth
Tissue culture studies for alkaloid production
Multiplication and preservation of endangered species
Transmission and application of variation in plants

Labs:
Developmental Botany,
Medicinal Botany,
Plant Physiology,
Environmental Botany,
Phytotaxonomy,
Genetics and Plant tissue Culture

Contact:
Jamia Hamdard

Mehrauli Badarpur Road, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110062 ‎
011 2605 9688

Map:

The Department of Botany, was founded in the year of 1989.
It is located in Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi.

M. Sc. BOTANY (General); M.Sc. BOTANY (SFS)

Duration:
Two years (Four semesters)

Eligibility:
A candidate must have passed B. Sc. or equivalent examination of a recognized university.

Ph. D. (BOTANY)

Eligibility:
Candidates must have passed M.Sc. in the relevant subject securing at least 55% marks in the aggregate.

PG Diploma in Environmental Monitoring & Impact Assessment
Duration:
One year

Eligibility:
A candidate must have passed B. Sc. in any branch of science

Here is the attachment of M. Sc. BOTANY Syllabus:

M. Sc. BOTANY Syllabus of Jamia Hamdard




MFC–001: FOUNDATION COURSE
:
UNIT–I: CHEMISTRY
Essential
• Solution – Methods of expressing the concentration (Molality, Moarlity, Normality etc).
Collagative properties, Molecular mass determination using colligative properties, basics
of Nanotechnology.
• Rate of reaction, order of reaction, molecularity of reaction.
• Ionic or Electrovalent bond, Covalent bond, Types of overlapping and nature of covalent
bonds, Hybridization, examples of Sp
3
, Sp
2
and Sp Hybridization, Co-ordination bond,
Hydrogen bonding.
• Principle of Chromatography, Classification of chromatographic techniques,TLC and
paper chromatography, Application of chromatography
• Basics of Spectroscopy and applications.
Desirable
• Laws of mass action, Reaction Quotient, Chemical equilibrium constant, Relation of Kp
& Kc, pH, buffer, buffer index, buffer capacity, Arrhenius equation & Nanotechnology.
• Principles and applications of GC, HPLC, Ion exchange and Size exclusion
chromatography
• Principles of UV/VIS, IR and NMR Spectroscopic techniques and applications
• Synthesis and applications of Nanoparticles
UNIT–II: BIOCHEMISTRY
Essential
• Biomolecules : Carbohydrates, amino acids/proteins, lipids and nucleotides; Enzymes:
Characteristics and nomenclature.
• Cell Biology & Microbiology : Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes; The cell and its composition;
Cell organelles and subcellular fractionation; Viruses, Viroids, Virusoids and Prions;
Bacterial culture and growth curve.
• Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism : ATP as energy currency; Intermediary
metabolism;
• Immunology - Active, passive, Humoral and Cellular immunity; Clonal selection theory;
Cells of immune system; Immunoglobulins; Haptens, Antigens and Immunogens;
Monoclonal & Polyclonal antibodies.
Desirable
• Gene transfer Mechanisms in bacteria & Gene expression : Conjugation,
Transformation and Transduction; expression of eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes.
• Clinical Biochemistry : Biochemical tests; Quality assurance; Acid base disorders; Liver
function test; Kidney function tests.
• Glucose Metabolism - Glycolysis and TCA cycle; oxidative phosphorylation; Aerobic &
anaerobic Fermentation.
• Hybridoma technology.
UNIT–III: BOTANY
Essential
• Biodiversity – Concept, levels and Conservation of biodiversity
Page 7
6
• Climate Change – Consequence, CO2 fertilization, global warming, sea level rise, UV
radiation.
• Ecosystem - Producers, consumers and decomposers of food chain.
• Natural Resources - Renewable and non-renewable resources of energy.
• Plant drugs and their constituents used in allopathic system of medicine.
Desirable
• Environment - International efforts and India initiatives in biodiversity conservation,
Endemism, biodiversity hotspots; bioremediation, Bioindicators, green house gases (trend
and role), ozone layer and ozone hole; Environmental pollution;
• Toxic and poisonous plants, Petrocrops and energy plantation
• Plant breeding and crop improvement (wheat, cotton, Brassica)
UNIT–IV: BIOTECHNOLOGY
Essential
• Genetics of Inheritance - Laws of inheritance, recombination, segregation of traits,
segregation ratio, interaction between traits and quantitative inheritance.
• Molecular Biology - The genetic material, RNA as genetic material, fidelity of DNA
replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation. Mutation and mutagenesis, Ames
test, Transposons.
• Genetic Engineering - Essentials of gene manipulation, vectors & enzymes used in
recombinant technology.
Desirable
• Applications - Stem cell research application, disease tolerant plants, insecticide and
herbicide tolerant plants, increasing the shelf life of vegetables and fruits, improvement in
quality (golden rice) and quantity of produce.
• Biotech and Society - Apprehensions for GM crops-effect on ecosystem, development of
tolerance, loss of genetic base, loss of diversity, IPR concerns, adaptation, judicious
implementation.
UNIT–V: TOXICOLOGY
Essential
• Introduction to Toxicology :
(i) Various types of toxicity (Acute, subacute, subchronic and chronic).
(ii) Chemical interactions (Additive effect, potentiation, synergism and antagonism),
Dose response relationship (ED50, LD50 EC50, LC50.)
(iii) Routes of exposure, absorption, distribution, elimination. In vitro and in vivo
models in toxicological studies.
• Metabolism of Xenobiotics : Common toxicants of air, water & food –metabolism &
their impact on human health.
• Concept and requirement of Good Laboratories Practices (GLP), GMP, GCP.
Desirable
• Tumor Markers
• Chemical carcinogenesis & dietary intervention
• Enzyme inhibitor
Page 8
7
1st Semester
MBO–101: SYSTEMATICS OF CRYPTOGAMS
.
UNIT – I
• Algal habitats; Reserve food, thallus organization, pigments and evolutionary trends among
algae; Algal classification as per Smith, Fritsch, Bold and Wyne and Christensen
[6 Lectures]
• Cell organization, thallus type, asexual reproduction, heterocyst and interrelationships of
Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta [8 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Outline classification of fungi as per Smith, Ainsworth et al., Alexopoulos, Mims and
Blackwell [2 Lectures]
• Habit or modes of life of fungi; Thallus organization, nutrition-saprotrophs, biotrophs,
necrotrophs, symbiotrophs and evolutionary trends among fungi [2 Lectures]
• Asexual and sexual methods of reproduction in fungi; Evolution of sex in fungi;
Heterothallism; Parasexuality and compatibility; Fungal sex hormones [2 Lectures]
• Comparative account of thallus structure and spore producing organs, interrelationship, life
cycle pattern and phylogeny of Myxomycotina, Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina,
Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina [8 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• Habit and Habitat, Distribution & Outline classification of Bryophytes [4 Lectures]
• Morphology and anatomy of vegetative and reproductive structures of Hepaticopsida,
Anthocerotopsida and Bryopsida [10 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• General characters of pteridophyte; Classification of peteridophytes [2 Lectures]
• Origin of the pteridophyte; Plant body organization; Telome theory; Gametophyte and
sporophyte; Alternation of generation [6 Lectures]
• Stelar system in peteridophytes [2 Lectures]
• Eusporangiate and leptosporangiate sporangia; Heterospory and seed habit; Biological
importance of heterospory [4 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Kumar HD (1988). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press Ltd., New Delhi.
2.
Morris J (1986). An Introduction to the Algae. Cambridge University Press, U.K.
3. Round FE (1986) The Biology of Algae. Cambridge University Press, U.K.
4.
Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW & Blackwell M (1996). Introductory Mycology. John Wiley & Sons.
5. Webster J (1985). An Introduction to Fungi: by Cambridge Univ. Press.
6. Parihar NS (1996). The Biology and Morphology of Pteridophytes. Central Book Depot, Allahabad.
7. Puri P (1980). Bryophytes. Atma Ram & Sons, New Delhi.
8. Sporne KR (1991). The Morphology of Pteridophytes. B.I. Publ. Pvt. Ltd.
Page 9
8
1st Semester
MBO–102: SYSTEMATICS OF PHANEROGAMS .
UNIT – I
• Habit, Habitat, Distribution, Plant body organization, Life cycle pattern of Gymnosperms
[2 Lectures]
• Comparative account of systems of classification of Gymnosperms [2 Lectures]
• Comparative account of structure of sporophyte and gametophyte of Cycadales, Ginkgoales,
Coniferales, Gnetales, Ephedrales, Welwitschiales [7 Lectures]
• Indian contribution in the field of paleobotany [1 Lectures]
• Gymnosperm as prospective ancestor of angiosperms [2 Lecture]
UNIT-II
• Plant Systematics:– Aims and Principles, Definitions of the terms systematics, taxonomy,
evolution, classification, identification, nomenclature and phylogeny. Historical background
of angiosperm classification with special reference to Linnaeus and Bentham and Hooker’s
classification. A comparison of Pre-Darwinian and Post-Darwinian classifications. Brief
outline and relative merits and demerits of Hutchinson, Takhtajan and Cranquist’s system of
classification [14 Lectures]
UNIT-III
• Evolutionary taxonomy: The concept of primitive and advance characters, monophyly and
polyphyly, parallelism and convergence, homology and analogy. Phenetic versus
phylogenetic (cladistic) methods. Salient features and outline of Angiosperms Phylogeny
Group (APG) system of plant classification [8 Lectures]
• The species concept: Taxonomic hierarchy, species, genus, families and other categories [4
Lectures]
• Plant Nomenclature: History if ICBN, principles of nomenclature, important rules (Rank of
taxa, Nomenclatural types, Priority of publication, Effective and valid publication, author
citation, Name changes etc.). Introduction to proposed phylocode and Biocode [4 Lectures]
UNIT-IV
• Phytogeography and terminology of plant description [2 Lectures]
• Systematic evidence: Contribution of palynology, embryology, phytochemistry, molecular
systematics and taximetrics to systematics [6 Lectures]
• Resources in plant systematics: Plant collection and herbarium techniques. Botanical
gardens, Herbaria and Taxonomic literature [4 Lectures]
• Flora of Delhi (General Account) [2 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Daniel, M. (2009). Taxonomy: Evolution at Work. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi
2. David, P.H. & Heywood, V.H. (1963). Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy: Oliver and Boyd, London.
3. Jones, S.B. Jr. & Luchinger, A.E. (1986). Plant Systematics. 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill Book, New York.
4. Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellogy, E.A. & Stevens, P.F. (1999). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic
Approach. Sinaeur Associate, Ind. Sunderland, M.A., USA.
5. Naik, V.N. (1984). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
6. Simpson, M.G. (2006). Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press, New York.
7. Singh, Gurcharan (2007). Plant Systematics. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi.
8. Stace, C.A. (1989). Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics. 2nd Ed. Edward Arnold, London.
9. Sporne KR (1965). The Morphology of Gymnosperms. Hutchinson Univ. Library
Page 10
9
1st Semester …
MBO–103: Lab Course I
:
ALGAE
Morphological study (through section cutting and permanent slides) of representative
members of Algae
FUNGI
Identification of fungi – Pathological anatomy of white rust, powdery mildew, rusts,
smuts, tikka disease of groundnut and paddy blast
BRYOPHYTES
Morphological study (through section cutting and permanent slides) of representative
members of bryophytes
PTERIDOPHYTES
Observation of morphological, anatomical and reproductive structures of representative
members of Pteridophytes
GYMNOSPERMS
Observation of morphological, anatomical (through C.S., RLS & TLS) and reproductive
structure of gymnosperms
PLANT TAXONOMY
• Description of a specimen from representative (locally available) families.
• Description of a specimen to study intraspecific variation and a collection exercise.
• Description of various species of a genus, location of key characters and preparation of
keys at generic level.
• Location of key characters and use of keys at family level.
• Field trips within and nearby areas in the campus, compilation of field notes and
preparation of herbarium sheets of such plants wild or cultivated that are abundant.
• Training in using floras and herbarium for identification of specimens described in the
class.
Page 11
10
2nd Semester MBO–201: MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
UNIT I
• Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds [4 Lectures]
• Stabilizing interactions (Van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic
interaction) [6 Lectures]
• Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH and buffer, colligative properties) [3 Lectures]
UNIT II
• Enzymes, principles and mechanism of enzyme catalysis, enzyme kinetics, enzyme
regulation, isozymes [7 Lectures]
• Composition, structure and function of carbohydrates [2 Lectures]
• Bioenergetics, glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis (coupled
reaction), substrate level phosphorylation (group transfer), biological energy transducers
(chloroplast and mitochondria) [7 Lectures]
UNIT III
• Composition, structure and function of proteins [4 Lectures]
• Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure;
domains, motif and folds) [7 Lectures]
• Stability of protein and nucleic acid structures [4 Lectures]
UNIT IV
• Composition, structure and function of lipids [4 Lectures]
• Metabolism of lipids (fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation) [3 Lectures]
• Metabolism of amino acids and nucleotides [5 Lectures]
• Structure and functions of vitamins [2 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Voet & Voet (1995). Biochemistry 2nd Edn, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
2. Nelson DL & Cox MM (2000). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. Macmillan Worth Publishers, Madison Av., New York
3. White R et al. (1959). Principles of Biochemistry 2nd Edn, McGraw Hill Publications, NY.
4. Farago P & Lagnado J (1972). Life in Action: An Introduction to Biochemistry. Heinemann Publ, London.
5. Lehninger AL (1993). Principle of Biochemistry. CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
6. Cooper, A (2004). Biophysical Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge Publication.
7. Hames, BD, Hooper NM & Houghton JD (1998). Instant Notes in Biochemistry. Viva Books, New Delhi.
Page 12
11
2nd Semester
MBO–202: MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY
.
UNIT – I
• DNA, RNA as genetic materials, Physical and chemical structure of DNA, A, B and Z form
of DNA [4 Lectures]
• Mechanism of DNA replications, replication origin and fork, various enzymes involved and
their role in maintaining fidelity of replication [4 Lectures]
• DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms [2 Lectures]
• Structure and function of different types of RNAs, transcription units, RNA polymerases [2
Lectures]
• Transcription (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotypes): Initiation complex formation and initiation
factors, regulation; Elongation and elongation factors; Termination of transcription; RNA
processing and editing [4 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Mechanism of translation: tRNA and its Aminoacylation, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase,
Translational proof reading, Post translational modification of proteins [6 Lectures]
• Genetic code [2 Lectures]
• Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes (e.g. lactose and tryptophan operons) and in
eukaryotes [6 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• Cell membrane: Structure, lipid bilayer and membrane protein models, Function of cell
membrane [6 Lectures]
• Cell wall: Ultra-structure and function of cell wall [4 Lectures]
• Structure and function of cytoskeletons [4 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Ultra-structure and function of Plastids, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Golgi
apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, and Glyoxysomes, Ribosomes [10 Lectures]
• Genomes of mitochondria and chloroplast [2 Lectures]
• Cell cycle: Phases of cell cycle, Role of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, regulation of cell
cycle [4 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K & Watson JD (1989). Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Publishing Inc.,
New York.
2. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, Matsudaira P, Baltimore D & Darnell J (2000). Molecular Cell Biology. W.H. Freeman and
Co., New York, USA.
3. Richard M, Twyman & Wisden W (1999). Advanced Molecular Biology, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.
4. Turner PC, Mclenann AG, Bates AD & White MRH (2001). Instant Notes on Molecular Biology, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.
5. Benjamin Lewin (2007). Genes IX, Prentice Hall.
6. Brown WV & Berke MB (1974). Text Book of Cytology, Blackstains Sons & Co.
7. Brachet J & Mirsky AE (1959). The Cell, Academic Press, Vols. 16.
8. DeRobertis EDP & De Robertis EMF (2001). Cell and Molecular Biology, Lippineott Williams & Wilkins, Bombay.
9. Sharma AK & Sharma A (1980). Chromosome Techniques. Theory and Practice, Butterworth.
10. Roy SC & Kumar KDC (1977). Cell Biology, New Central Book Agency, Calcutta.
11. Wolfe SL (1993). Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wordsworth Publ. Co., California, USA.
Page 13
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2nd Semester……………....MBO–203: GENETIC ENGINEERING
.
UNIT – I
• Cloning vectors based on E. coli plasmids, λ-bacteriophage and M13 bacterophage
[4 Lectures]
• Cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors [2 Lectures]
• Enzymes involved in genetic engineering – Restriction endonuclease, DNA ligase, DNA
modifying enzymes: Polynucleotide Kinase, DNA polymerase, Reverse transcriptase,
Alkaline phosphatase, Terminal transferase, S1-nulease [6 Lectures]
• Linkers and adaptors [2 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Transformation of bacterial cells with plasmid DNA [2 Lectures]
• Transformation of bacterial cells with phage DNA [2 Lectures]
• Transformation of non-bacterial cells [2 Lectures]
• Analysis of recombinants [2 Lectures]
• Generation of genomic library and cDNA library [6 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• Methods of direct and indirect gene transfer in plants [6 Lectures]
• Application of genetic engineering [2 Lectures]
• Transgenic plants for insect, fungal, bacterial disease resistance, lignin, modification, abiotic
stress tolerance, production of useful products [6 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Polymerase chain reaction [2 Lectures]
• DNA Sequencing [2 Lectures]
• RAPD and RFLP [2 Lectures]
• Restriction mapping [2 Lectures]
• Micro-array based technique [2 Lectures]
• Proteomics [2 Lectures]
• Gene silencing [2 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Hill WE (2000). Genetic Engineering. Hardwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
2. Brown T (1995). Gene Cloning. Chapman & Hall, London.
3. Ranjan R (1996). Transgenic Plant. Agro Botanica, Bikaner.
4. Setlor J (1999). Genetic Engineering. Plenum Press, New York.
5. Tombs M (1990). Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews. Intercept, U.K.
6. Old RW & Primrose SB (1985). Principle of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, Blackwell
Page 14
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2nd Semester… MBO–204: BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS
SECTION–A: BIOSTATISTICS
UNIT – I
• Arithmetic mean, Median and Mode (Theory and simple numerical problem) [2 Lectures]
• Measure of variation: Standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, properties
(Theory and simple numerical problems) [4 Lectures]
• Correlation: Types of correlation, methods of correlation, simple, multiple and linear and
non linear correlation, spearman’s correlation coefficient, Rank correlation (Theory and
simple numerical problems) [4 Lectures]
• Regression: Linear regression, curvilinear regression (for two variables X and Y only),
Regression lines by least square methods, Regression equations of X and Y and Y on X only
(Theory and simple numerical problems) [4 Lectures]
UNIT – II
Tests of significance: Null hypothesis, standard error, level of significance, degrees of
freedom, significance in mean for large samples, significance in means for small samples
(student t-test)/Significance in ratio of two samples. F-test (for difference between variance
of two samples), chi square test (simple numerical examples and theory), analysis of variance
test (ANOVA) for one and two way classification. Signed rank test, Dunnet’s t-test (Theory
and numerical examples) [14 Lectures]
SECTION–B: BIOINFORMATICS
UNIT – III
• Introduction and type of databases [2 Lectures]
• Primary nucleotide sequence databases - EMBL, GeneBank, DDBJ [2 Lectures]
• Secondary nucleotide sequence databases - UniGene, SGD, EMI Genomes, Genome
Biology [4 Lectures]
• Protein sequence databases - SwissProt/TrEMBL, PIR [4 Lectures]
• Sequence motif databases - Pfam, PROSITE [2 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Sequence alignment and database searching - PAM, BLOSUM, FASTA, BLAST,
ClustalW, 3.2.3. PSI-BLAST, HHM based multiple-sequence alignment, SAM [6 Lectures]
• Protein structure databases - Protein Data Bank, SCOP, CATH [4 Lectures]
• Other relevant databases - KEGG, PQS, DockGround [4 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Daniel W (1977). Biostatistics, John Wiley, New York.
2. Gupta SP (1969). Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
3. Sundar Rao PSS & Richard J (1999). An Introduction to Biostatistics. A Manual for Students in Health Sciences, Prentice
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Khan, IA & Khanum, A (1994). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Ukaaz Publications, Hyderabad.
Page 15
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2nd Semester…
MBO–205: Lab Course II
:
MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
• Absorption spectrum of chlorophylls
• Determination of reducing sugars of fruits by Nelson Somogyi’s method
• Determination of specifications value of fats and oils
• Qualitative tests for carbohydrates (Iodine, Anthrone, Fehlings, Benedict etc.)
• Determination of Vmax and Km of nitrate reductase enzyme
MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY
• Isolation of plant genomic DNA and its quantification by UV-spectrophotometry.
• Determination of Tm and base composition of a given DNA
• Cell fractionation studies
• Preparation of stains and agents for chromosomal study
• Mitotic study of Allium cepa, a model monocotyledonous plant
• Mitotic study of Nigella sp., a model dicotyledonous plant
• Preparation of Mitotic index (MI) to compare and study the growth of plants
GENETIC ENGINEERING
• Preparation of competent cells of E. coli DH5∝ for transformation.
• Transformation of E. coli DH5∝ strain with recombinant DNA
• Restriction digestion of plasmid
• RAPD analysis of plant DNA using PCR
• Study of protein through SDS- PAGE.
• Isolation of soluble proteins from leaves
Page 16
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3rd Semester ……MBO–301: INHERITANCE BIOLOGY………………………… ….
UNIT – I
• Mendelian Inheritance: Principle of Mendelian Inheritance, dominance, independent
assortment, segregation [2 Lectures]
• Concept of gene: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele, complementation tests [4 Lectures]
• Extension of Mendelian principles: Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene
interactions, pleiotrophy [4 Lectures]
• Sex chromosome, sex determination, dosage compensation, sex linked characters [4 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Linkage and Crossing over, molecular / genetic markers, Linkage / Chromosomal maps [4
Lectures]
• Recombination (homologous, nonhomologous), site specific recombinaion [6 Lectures]
• Extra chromosomal inheritance; Inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal
inheritance [4 Lectures]
• Polygenic inheritance [2 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• Cytogenetics of Polyploids and Aneuploids; Autopolyploidy, origin, chromosome pairing
and breeding behaviour, phenotypic effect [4 Lectures]
• Allopolyploids, origin, types, important allopolyploid plants, uses [4 Lectures]
• Aneuploids: monosomic, trisomic etc. and their uses [4 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Mutation: Mutation types, molecular basis of mutation, spontaneous and induced mutations,
mutation induced by transposons (insertional mutagenesis), Somatic verses germinal mutants,
physical and chemical mutagens, effect of mutagens on chromosomes/ DNA (loss and gain
of function) [6 Lectures]
• Cancer at cellular level, protooncogenes/ oncogene, tumour suppressor genes [4 Lectures]
• Structural alterations of chromosomes; deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation etc [2
Lectures]
• Numerical alteration of ploidy and their implications [2 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Strickburger M (1990). Genetics. MacMillan Publishing Company, New York.
2. Gardner J (1991). Principle of Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. Klug WS & Cummings MR (1997). Essential of Genetics. Prentice Hall Publishing Co., New Jersy.
4. Brown T (1989). Genetics: A Molecular Approach. Chapman & Hall, London.
5. Goodenough U (1984). Genetics. Sandir College Publishing, Philadelphia.
6. Lewin, B. (2007). Genes Vol. 9. Oxford University Press.
Page 17
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3rd Semester
MBO–302: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
.
UNIT – I
• Uptake, transport and translocation of water and nutrients by plants. Ascent of sap and
transpiration [6 Lectures]
• Essential nutrients, deficiencies and plant disorders [4 Lectures]
• Physiology of assimilation of nitrate and ammonium, biological nitrogen fixation [4 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• General concepts of photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, light harvesting complexes,
mechanisms of photosynthetic electron transport (non cyclic and cyclic), photoprotective
mechanisms [6 Lectures]
• The carbon cycle, photorespiration and its significance, C4 and CAM pathways and their
physiological and ecological significance [6 Lectures]
• Translocation of photosynthates by phloem, phloem loading and unloading [2 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• History of discovery of phytochromes, structure and function of phytochrome, photochemical
and biochemical properties of phytochrome, phytochrome induced plant responses,
cryptochrome and its role in photomorphogenesis [7 Lectures]
• Photoperiodism and its significance, flowering stimulus, vernalization, endogenous clock and
its regulation [6 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Plant growth regulators: Physiological effects and mode of action of auxins, gibberellins,
cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid [8 Lectures]
• Signal transduction: Overview, receptors and G-proteins, secondary messengers, signal
transduction and gene expression [3 Lectures]
• Stress physiology: Water deficit and its physiological consequences, drought tolerance
mechanisms, salinity stress and plant responses, heat stress and heat shock proteins, metal
toxicity [6 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Devlin RM & Witham FH (1986). Plant Physiology. CBS Publs. and Distributors, New Delhi.
2. Hopkins WG (1995). Introduction to Plant Physiology, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., New York, USA.
3. Moore TC (1989). Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hormones. Springer Verlag, New York, USA.
4. Singhal et al. (1999). Concepts in Photobiology, Photosynthesis and Phytomorphognesis, Narosa Pub. House, N. Delhi.
5. Taiz & Zeigler (2006). Plant Physiology 4th Edn. Sinauer Associates Inc., Publishers, Sunderland.
6. Mengel K & Kirkhy EA (2001). Principles of Plant Nutrition. Kluwer Academic Press
7. Salisbury FB & Celon W (1986). Plant Physiology 3rd Edn. CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
Page 18
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3rd Semester………………MBO–303: BIOINSTRUMENTATION ……… ………..
UNIT – I
• Principle of electrophoresis [4 Lectures]
• General technique, Apparatus, Supporting media and Operational procedure of gel
electrophoresis [4 Lectures]
• Native, Denaturing, Isoelectric focusing, 2D gel Electrophoresis [4 Lectures]
• Rotors, Bench top, Low speed, High speed, Cooling Ultracentrifuge [2 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Principle and application of gel filtration [2 Lectures]
• Principle and application of gene fusion and metal-chelating of affinity chromatography [4
Lectures]
• Principle and application of ion Exchange chromatography [2 Lectures]
• Principle, instrumentation and application of High Performance Liquid Chromatography [2
Lectures]
• Principle, instrumentation and application of gas chromatography [2 Lectures]
• Principle, instrumentation and application of thin layer chromatography [2 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• Principle and application of UV/visible Spectrophotometer [4 Lectures]
• Principle and application of Circular dichroism spectrometer [2 Lectures]
• Principle and application of Atomic absorption spectrometer and Flame photometer
[4 Lectures]
• Structure determination using X-ray diffraction [2 Lectures]
• Analysis using light scattering [2 Lectures]
• Different types of mass spectrometry and surface plasma resonance methods [2 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Resolving powers of different microscopes; Visualization of cells and sub-cellular
components by light microscopy [2 Lectures]
• Scanning and transmission microscopes [4 Lectures]
• Microtomy; Different fixation and staining techniques for EM [4 Lectures]
• Freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM [2 Lectures]
• Image processing methods in microscopy [2 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Snyder LR (1968). Principles of Adsorption Chromatography: The Separation of Nonionic Organic Compund. Marcel
Dekker Publ, New York.
2. Wildon K & Walker J (2000). Practical Biochemistry: Principles and Techniques 5th Edn, Cambridge University Press.
3. Skoog, DA, Holler FJ & Timothy N (1998). Principles of Instrumental Analysis 5th Edn. Sauders College Publishing.
4. Wise DL (1991). Bioinstrumentation and Biosensors. Marcel Dekker, New York.
5. Clark BT, Frost T & Russell MA (1993). UV Spectroscopy: Techniques, Instrumentation, Data Handling. Chapman & Hall
6. Ewing, GW (1990). Analytical Instrumentation Handbook. Marcel Dekker, New York.
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3rd Semester. MBO–304: DEVELOPMENTAL AND STRUCTURAL BOTANY
UNIT – I
• Genesis of reproductive organs in angiosperms [2 Lectures]
• Male gametophyte: Microsporogenesis, role of tapetum, pollen germination [4 Lectures]
• Female gametophyte: Structure and development of ovule, megasporogenesis, organization
and structure of the embryosac [4 Lectures]
• Pollen-pistil interaction and fertilization: Double fertilization; polyembryony and
apomixes [4 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Ultra structure and coordinated activity of different cell components [2 Lectures]
• Organization of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), Cytological and molecular analysis of
SAM [4 Lectures]
• Control of tissue differentiation, especially xylem and phloem; Secretory ducts and laticifers
[4 Lectures]
• Leaf growth and root apical meristem [4 Lectures]
UNIT – III
Origin and development of vascular cambium; Procambium-metacambium-cambium continuam;
Cambial cytology, Cell division patterns: pericliny, anticliny, transverse segmentation; Cambial
ontogency: size and relative proportions of cambial initials; Environmental factors influencing
cambial periodicity; External regulation of cambial growth: role of hormones, sugar and water
potential; Differentiation of young derivatives of the cambium [14 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
Comparative features of gymnospermous and angiospermous secondary phloem; phloem fibre
distribution; Differentiation of secondary phloem with special emphasis on sieve tube elements;
Morphology and chemistry of P-proteins; Factors affecting periderm formation; Differentiation of
secondary xylem with special reference to vessel segments; Sapwood and heartwood: physical,
structural and chemical properties; Reaction wood: tension wood and compression wood;
Ecological wood anatomy [14 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Mahswari P (1950). An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms.
2. Bhojwani SS & Bhatnagar SP (2000). Embryology of Angiosperms (4 th Revised and enlarged edition).
3. Burgess J (1985). An Introduction to Plant Cell Development, Cambridge University Press, Oxford.
4. Fahn A (1982). Plant Anatomy 3rd Edn, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
5. Esau, K. (1993). Plant Anatomy, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
6. Steeve TA & Sussex IM (1989). Patterns in Plant Development, 2nd Edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
7. Iqbal M (1995). The Cambial Derivatives, Gebruder Borntraeger, Stuttgart, Germany.
8. Iqbal M (1994). Growth Patterns in Vascular Plants, Dioscorides Press, Portland, USA.
9. Iqbal M (1990).The Vascular Cambium, R.S.P., Taunton, UK.
10. Larson PR (1995). The Vascular Cambium, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3rd Semester…
MBO–305: Lab Course III
:
INHERITANCE BIOLOGY
• Introduction and applications of chi-square test in Mendelian Genetics.
• Use of chi-square test to analyse Monohybrid and Dihybrid experiments of Mendel
• Genetic interactions and chi square test.
• Meiosis study of model plant, Allium cepa.
• Study of meiosis of translocation - a case study in Rhoeo sp.
• Effect of mutagen on chromosomes.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
• Estimation of chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, carotenoid and total chlorophyll content in
leaves
• Determination of water potential of plant leaves
• Determination of osmotic potential of cell sap by plasmolytic method
• In vitro assay of nitrate reductase enzyme
BIOINSTRUMENTATION
• Demonstration of pH meter, centrifuges, electronic balance, HPLC, GLC, AAS, UV-Vis
spectrophotometer, HPTLC, polarimeter, PCR, Flame photometer, FT-IR
• Purification of protein by affinity chromatography
• Separation and identification of amino acids by TLC
• Extraction and estimation of total lipid content in the given sample of oil seed by column
chromatograph
• Determination of λ-max a given metabolite by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and preparation of
its standard curve
• Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA
DEVELOPMENTAL AND STRUCTURAL BOTANY
• Demonstration of slides showing embryological peculiarities (male and female gametophytes,
endosperm, embryo)
• Training in paraffin wax method for preparation of serial sections from fixation to mounting
of permanent slides.
• Sectioning and staining, Slide preparation
• Study of cambium, Study of angiospermous and gymnospermous wood (T.S., R.L.S. &
T.L.S.)
• Study of anomalous structure
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4th Semester . MBO–401: PLANT DIVERSITY, RESOURCE UTILIZATION
4th Semeste r………………
AND CONSERVATION…………. ………………..
…
UNIT – I
• Origin, botany, cultivation and uses of food crops: Rice, Wheat and Sorghum [3 Lectures]
• Origin, botany, cultivation and uses of vegetable crops: Potato, tomato and chillies
[3 Lectures]
• Origin, botany, cultivation and uses of fibre crops [2 Lectures]
• Distribution, description and uses of timber yielding plants: Tectona, Dalbergia and
Rosewood [2 Lectures]
• Distribution, description and uses of medicinal plants: Rawolfia, Withania, Emblica,
Andrographis and Aloe [2 Lectures]
• Production and applications of biofuels – Biogas, hydrogen and methane [2 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Indian systems of medicine; International plant drugs, their export and import; Important
controversial medicinal plants and their substitutes; Endangered and medicinal plants of
India; Role of plant drugs in Pharmaceutical industry [14 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• Biodiversity – Current concept, levels and status in India; Role of Biodiversity in ecosystem
functions and stability; Speciation and extinction; Sustainable development; Relationships
between biodiversity and Biotechnology; Intellectual property rights [10 Lectures]
• IUCN categories of threat, causes of biodiversity loss; biodiversity management approaches;
keystone species, endemism [4 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Conservation of Biology; Current practice in conservation in India and abroad; Organisations
involved in resource conservation IUCN, WWF, UNEP, UNESCO; Hotspots of India and
world; Important international conventions/treaties [4 Lectures]
• In situ conservation: Indian initiatives; protected areas in India – sanctuaries, national parks,
biosphere reserves, wetlands, mangrove. [4 Lectures]
• Ex situ conservation: Principles and practices; botanical garden, field gene bank, seed bank,
in vitro repositories; Cryopreservation; general account of the activities of Botanical Survey
of India (BSI); National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR); Indian case studies on
conservation/management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves) [6 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Jain SK, Sinha BK & Gupta RC (1991). Notable Plants in Ethnomedicine of India. Deep Publications, New Delhi.
2. Chowdhery HJ & Murti SK (2000). Plant Biodiversity and Conservation in India: An Overview. Bishen Singh, Mahendrapal
Singh, Dehradun.
3. Jain SK (1991). Contribution of Indian Ethnobotany. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.
4. Singh VK & Abrar MK (1990). Medicinal Plants and Folkories. Today & Tomorrows Printers & Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Ghosh, AK (2008). A Comprehensive Handbook on Biodiversity, TERI, New Delhi.
6. Ghosh, AK (208). Simplifying Climate Change. TERI, New Delhi.
7. Sampson, Garey P (2005). The WTO and Sustainable Development, TERI, New Delhi.
8. Somayaji S & Somayaji G (2009). Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development. TERI, New Delhi.
9. Saikia, Ranjane (2009). Making Sense of Climate Change. TERI, New Delhi.
10. Lovejoy TE & Hannah L (2005). Climate Change and Biodiversity, TERI, New Delhi.
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4th Semester MBO–402: PLANT TISSUE CULTURE & MICROBIOLOGY..
SECTION-A: PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
UNIT – I
• General introduction, history, basic concept of cellular totipotency [2 Lectures]
• Tissue culture media – preparation and sterilization procedures [4 Lectures]
• Micropropagation / clonal propagation [4 Lectures]
• Somatic embryogenesis and artificial seeds [4 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Haploidy and its importance in plant breeding [2 Lectures]
• Callus, suspension and shoot meristem culture and their applications [4 Lectures]
• Somaclonal variation, origin, molecular aspects and utility [2 Lectures]
• Protoplast isolation, fusion and culture, production of hybrids, hybrid selection and
regeneration, possibilities, achievement and limitations of protoplast research, cybrids [6
Lectures]
SECTION–B: MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT – III
• Introduction, classification of bacteria, morphology of bacteria [2 Lectures]
• Microbial genetics: Methods of genetic transfers – transformation, conjugation, transduction
and sex-duction [4 Lectures]
• Microbial Biotechnology: Microbes in the production of alcohol, beer, wine and vinegar.
Commercial production of antibiotics, therapeutic vaccines, biopesticides. Microbes and
bioremediation [6 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Structure and composition of viruses, Detail orphological structure of virus, Complex symmetry,
Nucleic acids of viruses, viral enzymes, Biochemical constituents of envelope, Viroids,
Sattelite viruses and Prion, Classification and phylogeny, Replication and multiplication cycle
[14 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Razdan MK (1993). An Introduction of Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
2. Thorpe TA (1995). In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plant. Kluwer Publishers, Dordrecht.
3. Evans DA, Sharp WR & Amirato PY (1986). Handbook of Plant Tissue Culture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
4. Alcamo IE (1994). Fundamentals of Microbiology, The Benjamim/Cummings Publishing Co., New York.
5. Bilgrami KS & RK Sinha (1992). Essentials of Microbiology, CBS Publishers, Delhi.
6. Purohit SS (1998). Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications, Agrobotanica, Bikaner.
7. Locke DM (1974). Viruses: The Smallest Enemy, Crown Publishers, New York.
8. Trever G, Faull J, Ketteridge S & Springham D (1995). Introductory Microbiology, Chapman & Hall, London.
9. Pelizar MJ, Chan ECS & Krig NR (1993). Microbilogy, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York
Page 23
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4th Semester…………………..MBO–403: PLANT ECOLOGY
……………….
UNIT – I
• The nature of ecology: Biotic and abiotic components of environment and their interactions
[2 Lectures]
• Habit and niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and
realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement [6 Lectures]
• Population ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curver; population
regulation; life history strategies (r and k selection) [6 Lectures]
UNIT – II
• Ecological succession: Types; mechanism; changes involved in succession. Sere (hydrosere,
xerosere, mesosere) concept of climax [4 Lectures]
• Dynamic phytogeography: Basic principles, age and area theory, centre of origin theory,
endemism, plant migration and continental drift [4 Lectures]
• Biome: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of
India [6 Lectures]
UNIT – III
• Ecosystem: Structure and function, energy flow and mineral (CNP) and water cycling; Bio-
geocenoses [6 Lectures]
• Ecological management: Natural resources, concept of sustainable development.
Conservation of natural resources [6 Lectures]
• The biosphere as Man’s environment [2 Lectures]
UNIT – IV
• Environmental & its degradation: Atmosphere, ozone depletion, air, water and soil
pollution; climate change [4 Lectures]
• Plant response to environmental stress: Mechanism of injury to tree stands; cambial
growth and wood quality. Physiological and biochemical response; mechanism of inhibition
of plant growth [4 Lectures]
• Heavy-metal stress: Heavy metal pollution, sources, phytoremediation of heavy metal;
Noise stress, its impact on plants and humans [6 Lectures]
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Magill PL, Holden ER & Ackley C (1956). Air pollution Hand Book. McGraw-Hill Book Co.
2. Pierzynski GM, Sims JT & Vance GF (2005). Soils and Environmental Quality. CRC, London.
3. Perk M (2006). Soil and Water Contamination from Molecular to Catchment Scale. Taylor & Francis. The Netherland.
4. Coley D (2008). Energy & Climate Change. John Wiley & Sons, London.
5. Itanez JG, Hernandez-Esparza M, Doria-Serano C, Fregoso-Infante A & Singh MM (2007). Environmental Chemistry,
Fundamentals. Springer.
6. Suresh G (2007). Environmental Studies and Ethics. IK International, New Delhi.
7. Odum EP & Barrett GW (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology. V Edn, Thomson Asia, Pvt. Ltd.
8. Chapman JL & Reiss MJ (1995). Ecology Principles & Applications. Cambridge University Press.
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4th Semester…
MBO–404: Project work……………………. ………
:
The students will be allotted topics for project work in the beginning of the academic
session, under the supervision of the concerned teacher(s) as decided by the Head of the Department,
keeping in view the student's desire and the teacher's consent. The students will complete the
assigned work in the department or at any other laboratory/institute identified and arranged for this
purpose. They will submit a dissertation which will contain some original experimental data
and their interpretation, in addition to the survey of relevant literature. The student may
deliver a seminar lecturer or face the viva voce by a panel of teachers appointed by the Head of the
Department. The dissertations will be examined by a panel of examiners including the external
examiner(s) who will also conduct oral examination of the students.
Page 25
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4th Semester…
MBO–405: Lab Course IV
:
PLANT BIODIVERSITY, RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION
• Field survey of important plants of the region for biodiversity.
• Morphology, anatomy and economic important parts of the food and vegetable crops
included in the theory.
• Study of the characters and medicinal properties of the plants included in the theory.
• Mapping of Hotspots and Biosphere Reserves
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
• Preparation of stock solution for Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
• MS basal medium preparation
• Inoculation of seeds on agar medium for germination
• Induction of callus and determination of biomass (fresh and dry weight) of cultivated tissues
• Demonstration of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using appropriate explants
• Liquid medium preparation and establishment of suspension culture
• Demonstration and preparation of artificial seed
• Demonstration of androgenesis in plant like Datura
PLANT ECOLOGY
• Determination of maximum size of quadrate (areaspecies curve) of the grassland ecosystem
• Determination of minimum number of quadrats required for grasslands
• Determination of frequency, density and cover
• Determination of Important Value Index (IVI)
• Analysis of soil texture, moisture content and water holding capacity

Faculties:
M.P. Sharma
Muhamammad Iqbal
Javed Ahmad
T.O. Siddiqi
Mahmooduzzafar
Shahid Umar
A. Mujib
Altaf Ahmad

Address:
Jamia Hamdard
Mehrauli Badarpur Road, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062 ‎
011 2605 9688 ‎

Map:

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