UPSC mains syllabus

Hi can you provide me UPSC mains of 2012 for philosophy subject, actually paper is very difficult and long I don’t know which type of questions are going to come so plz provide me syllabus pattern of previous year.

The syllabus of the philosophy for UPSC mains examination:

Paper-I
History and Problems of Philosophy
Plato and Aristotle: Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.
Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz): Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.
Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.
Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God
Hegel: Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism
Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein: Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Saying and Showing.
Logical Positivism: Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.
Later Wittgenstein: Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.
Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.
Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the –world and Temporality.
Quine and Strawson: Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.
Ca-rva-ka : Theory of Knowledge; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.
Jainism: Theory of Reality; Saptabhan(ginaya; Bondage and Liberation.
Schools of Buddhism: Prati-tyasamutpa-da; Ksanikavada, Naira-tmyava-da
Nya-ya- Vais'esika: Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Prama-na; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic
Theory of Creation.
Sa-mkhya: Prakrti; Purusa; Causation; Liberation
Yoga: Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.
Mima-msa-: Theory of Knowledge
Schools of Veda-nta: Brahman; I-s'vara; A-tman; Jiva; Jagat; Ma-ya-; Avidya-; Adhya-sa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda
Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.

Paper-II
Socio-Political Philosophy
Social and Political Ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty.
Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.
Individual and State: Rights; Duties and Accountability
Forms of Government: Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.
Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism
Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism.
Crime and Punishment: Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment.
Development and Social Progress.
Gender Discrimination: Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowernment.
Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar

Philosophy of Religion:

Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).
Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).
Problem of Evil.
Soul: Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.
Reason, Revelation and Faith.
Religious Experience: Nature and Object (Indian and Western).
Religion without God.
Religion and Morality.
Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.
Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non- cognitive.

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