Previous year question papers for 2nd semester of b.sc in physics

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MDU rohtak BSC honors physics 2nd semester paper



B.Sc.(H) Physics
Phy 101 Semester –I Mathematical Physics-I
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit 1. Vector Algebra and Analysis
Review of vector algebra- addition, subtraction and product of two vectors. Polar
and axial vectors and their examples from physics. Triple and quadruple product
(without frenet-Serret formulae).
Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of a vector w.r.t. a scalar . Unit tangent
vector and unit normal vector (without Frenet- Serret formulae).
Directional derivatives, gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian operations and
their meaning. Idea of line, surface and volume integrals. Gauss, Stokes and Green’s
theorems.
Unit II Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates and Multiple integrals
Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, Derivation of gradient, divergence, curl and
Laplacian in Cartesian, spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems. Change of variables
and Jacobian. Evaluation of line surface and volume integrals.
Calculus of Variations
Constrained maxima and minima. Method of Lagrange undetermined multipliers
and its application to simple problems in physics.
Variational principle Euler-Lagrange equation and its application to simple
problems.
Phy 201 Semester -II Mathematical Physics-II
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I Differential Equations:
Classification of differential equations: linear and nonlinear, homogeneous and
non-homogenous equations.
Linear ordinary Differential Equations:
First order: Separable and exact equations. Integrating factor.
Second Order: Homogeneous equations with constant coefficient’s. Wronskian
and general solution Statement of Existence and Uniqueness theorem for initial value
problems. Solution of non-homogeneous equations by operator (D) method. Particular
integral. Method of undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters Equations
reducible to those with constant coefficient.
Unit II Fourier Series
Fourier series, Dirichlet conditions (Statement only). Orthogonality of sine and
cosine functions. Sine and cosine series. Distinctive features of Fourier expansions.
Half-range expansions. Applications Square wave triangular wave, output of full wave
rectifier and other simple functions Summary of infinite series
Theory of Errors:
Systematic and random errors. Propagation of errors. Standard and probable
error. Least square fitting of data (linear case).
Phy-102 Semester-I Mechanics-I
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I : Fundamentals of Dynamics:
Motion of charged particle in electric and magnetic fields.
Dynamics of a system of particles. Centre of mass Conservation of momentum.
Idea of conservation of momentum from Newton’s third law impulse. Momentum of
variables mass system: motion of rocket, Work-energy theorem. Potential energy.
Energy diagram. Stable and unstable equilibrium. Conservative and non-conservative
forces. Force as gradient of potential energy. Particle collusions. Centre of mass frame
and laboratory frame.
Unit II Rotational Dynamics:
Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles. Torque Conservation of
angular momentum Rotation about a fixed axis Moment of inertia; its calculation for
rectangular and cylindrical bodies; idea of calculation for spherical bodies. Kinetic
energy of rotation. Motion involving both translation and rotation.
Oscillatory Motion:
Motion of simple and compound pendulum. Loaded spring, Energy
considerations. Time average of energy. Damped harmonic oscillator Resonance in a
lightly damped system.
Phy 202 Semester –II Mechanics –II
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I: Gravitation and Central Force Motion:
Law of gravitation. Inertial and gravitational mass. Potential energy and field due
to spherical shell and solid sphere.
Self-energy. Motion of a particle under central force field Angular momentum
conservation one body problem two body problem and its reduction to one body problem
and its solution. The energy equation and energy diagram. Kepler’s laws. Satellites.
Unit II Non-Inertial Systems:
Inertial frame and Galilean transformation, Non-inertial frame and fictitious forces.
Uniformly accelerating system. Physics in rotating coordinate systems, centrifugal and
Coriolis forces.
Michelson-Morley experiment and its outcome. Postulates of special theory of relativity.
Lorentz transformations. Simultaneity and order of events. Lorentz contraction and time
dilation. Relativistic transformation of velocity, frequency and wave number. Velocity
dependence of mass and equivalence of mass and energy. . Relativistic Doppler effect,
Relativistic Kinematics Transformation of energy and momentum
Phy 103 Semester –I Electricity
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I Electric Circuits:
Kirchhoff’s laws for A.C. circuits, Series and parallel resonant circuits, A.C.
bridges. Thevenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorem and their applications to D.C.
circuits.
Electric Field:
Electric charge: conservation and quantisation. Coulomb’s law and superposition
principle. Electric field and electric lines. Gauss’s law. Field of spherical, linear and
plane charge distributions. Line integral of electric field. Electric potential. Potential
and electric field of a dipole, a charged wire and a charged disc. Multipole expansion of
potential due to arbitrary charge distribution. Fore and torque on a dipole. Laplace’s
equation: uniqueness theorem. Conductors in an electrostatic field. Description of a
system of charged conductors. An isolated conductor and capacitance. Methods of
images and its-application to simple electrostatic problems plane infinite sheet and
sphere.
Unit II Electrostatic Energy
System of point charges, a uniform sphere a condenser, an ionic crystal, nuclear
electric field, point charge.
Dielectric Properties of Matter:
Dielectric polarization and polarization charges Gauss’s law in dielectrics. Field
vectors D and E and their boundary conditions. Capacitors filled with dielectrics.
Phy -203 Semester-II Magnetism
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I Magnetic Field:
Magnetic force between current elements and definition of B. Properties of B
Amphere’s Circuital Law, Curl and divergence of B, Vector potential. Magnetic flux.
Calculation of B for circular and solenoid currents. Torque on a current loop in a
uniform magnetic field. Magnetic dipole. Forces on an isolated moving charge.
Magnetic Properties of Matter:
B, H and their relation. Magnetic susceptibility. Stored magnetic energy in
matter, Magnetic circuit B-H curve and energy loss in hysteresis.
Unit II : Electromagnetic Induction:
A conducting rod moving through a uniform magnetic field. A loop through onuniform
magnetic field.. A stationary loop with field source moving. Faraday’s law of
induction. Curl E-D B/dt. Mutual induction – reciprocity theorem (M12 = M21) Selfinduction,
energy stored in magnetic field.
Phy 104 Semester-I Mathematics-I
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit-I
Sequences of real number Convergent. Cauchy, monotonic and bounded
sequences. Subsequences. Limit superior and limit inferior of a sequence. Infinite series
and their convergence.
Unit-II
Comparison test, Cauchys root test, d Alembert’s ratio test, Raabe’s test.
Cauchy’s integral test. Alternating series and Lelnit test. Absolute and conditional
convergence.
Phy-204 Semester-II Mathematics-II
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit-I
Functions of a real variable. Limits, continuity and differentiability of functions.
Uniform continuity on (a.b) implying uniform theorem for analytic functions.
Intermediate value theorems and Taylor’s theorem and analytic functions. Taylor’s and
Maclaurin’s series of elementary analytic functions. Functions of two and three reals
variables their continuity and differentiability. Schwarz and Young theorem, implicit
function theorem.
Unit-II
Definition and examples of Riemann integral of a bounded function. Riemann
integrability of continuous and monotonic functions. Riemann integral as the limit of a
sum. The fundamental theorem of integral calculus. Mean-value theorems.
Integration of rational and irrational functions. Integration by partial functions.
Properties of definite integral. Reduction formulae.
Phy-105 Semester-I Chemistry-I
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit-I
Bonding : Qualitative approach to valence bond theory and its limitations.
Hybridisation, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals, Bent’s rule and
applications.
Molecular orbital theory, symmetry and overlap. Molecular orbital diagrams of
diatomic and simple polyatomic systems (O2, C2,B3, CO,NO, and their ions; HCI, BeF2
CH4,BCI3) (ideal of Sp3 mixing and orbital interaction to be given.
Organisation of solids:
(i) Packing of ions in crystals, close packed structures. Spinel, ilmenite and
perovskite structures of mixed metal oxides. Size effects, radius-ratio rules
and their limitations. Lattice energy Born equation (calculations of energy in
ion pa. And ion pairs square formation), Madelung constant, Kapustinskii,
equation and its applications. Born – Haber cycle and its application.
(ii) Solvation energy. Packing of atoms in metals, qualitative idea of valence bond
and band theories. Semiconductors and insulators. Defects in solids.
Conductance in ion solids. Introduction to superconductors.
(iii) Weak chemical forces: van der Walls forces, hydrogen bonding. Effects of
chemical forces on m.p., b.p. and solubility. Energetics of dissolution process.
Unit-II
Coordination compounds and Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms:
Crystal field theory- measurement of 10 Dq CFSE in weak and strong fields.
Pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dq. Octahedral vs. tetrahedral
coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral symmetry. The Jahn-Teller theorem,
square-planar coordination Ligand field and molecular orbital theories.
The trans effect, mechanism of the trans effect, kinetics of square planar
substitution reactions. Thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Labile and inert complexes.
Kinetics of octahedral substitution reaction. Mechanism of substitution in
octahedral complexes. Mechanism of electron transfer reactions (inner and outer sphere
mechanism).
Phy-205 Semester-II Chemistry-II
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit-I
General Organic Chemistry:
Bonding in organic molecules and its effects on shape, chirallty and RS
nomenclature as applied to chiral centers. Treatment of chirallty upto three chiral
centers. Conformation of acrylic and cyclic systems, conformational analysis of
disubstituted cyclohexanes. Geometrical isomerism and E-2 nomenclature.
Electronic displacements in organic molecules. Aromaticity. Reactivity of
organic molecules. Heterolytic and hemolytic fission. Nucleophiles, electrophiles, acids
and bases and their relative strengths (including carbon acids). Addition, elimination and
substitution reactions (including electrophonic, nucleophilic and aromatic types).
Unit-II
Arynes and carbons as reaction intermediates.
Functional Group Chemistry:
Rationalisation of functional group reactivity on mechanistic basis of the
following groups: hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and its derivatives such as ester and
amide, cyano, nitro and amino, Orientation effect in aromatic substitution,
polymerisationa and overview of polymers, Organic reactions as synthetic tools: Claisen,
Cannizzaro, Grignard, Michael, Mannich, Darzen, aldol, Diekmann, Perkin etc.
Phy-106 Semester-I Linear and Digital Integrated Circuits & Instrumentation-I
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I Basic Concepts of Integrated Circuits:
Active and passive components, discrete component circuits, water, chip,
advantages of integrate circuits, MSI, LSI and VLSI (basic idea and definitions only).
Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amp)
Basic characteristics without detailed internal circuit of IC: Requirement of ideal
voltage amplifier, characteristics of ideal operational amplifier, feedback in amplifier
(black box approach), open loop and close loop gain, inverting and non-inverting
amplifier, zero crossing detector.
Application of op-amps: Mathematical operations addition, multiplication,
integration and differentiation. Electronic circuits – oscillator (Wien’s bridge),
rectangular and triangular wave generators (all circuit analysis based on Kirchhoff’s
laws).
Unit II Digital Circuits
Difference between analog and digital circuits, binary numbers, binary to decimal
conversion, AND, OR and NOT gates (realization using diodes and transistor), Boolean
algebra, Boolean equations of logic circuits, de Morgan theorem, NOR and NAND gates.
Combinational logic: Boolean laws and theorems, sum of products method of
realizing a circuit for a given truth table, truth table to kamaugh map and simplification
(elementary idea).
Data processing circuits: Multiplexes, demultiplexers, decoders, encoders,
exclusive OR gate, parity checker, read-only memories (ROM), PROM, EPROM.
Arithmetic circuits: Binary addition and subtraction (only 2’s complement
method), half adders and full adders and sub tractors (only upto eight bitts).
Phy-206 Semester-II Linear and Digital Integrated Circuits & Instrumentation-II
Max. Marks : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 Hrs.
NOTE :
1. The syllabus is divided into 2 units. Eight questions will be set up. Four questions
from each unit. Student will have to attempt at least two question from each unit. A
student has to attempt five question in all.
2. 20% numerical problems are to be set.
3. Use of Scientific (non-programmable) calculator is allowed.
Unit I
Sequential circuits: flip-flops – RS, JK , D, clocked, preset and clear operation,
race-around conditions in JK Flip-flop, master slave JK flip-flop as building block of
sequential circuits.
Shift registers: Serial-in-serial-out, serial-in-parallel-out, parallel-in-parallel-out,
parallel-in-paralleled-out (only upto 4 bits).
Counters: Asynchronous counters, synchronous counter, decade counter.
D/A and A/D conversion: D/A converter-resistive network, accuracy and
resolution. A/D converter (only counter method) – accuracy and resolution.
Unit II Electronic Instruments:
Timer: Simple applications of 555 timer circuits.
Power supply: requirement of ideal voltage and current source, voltage source,
half-wave and full-wave rectifier, bridge rectifier, L and C filters, some idea of ripple.
Oscilloscope: Input attenuators, DC, AC and ground, horizontal and vertical
deflecting system, time base generation and synchronization: measurement of positive,
positive-negative wave shape, rise time and fall time; frequency, amplitude and phase of
sinusoidal waves.
Phy-107 Semester-I Physics laboratory-I
The distribution of marks in laboratory papers will be as follows:
Written test (45 minutes duration) 15
Internal assessment including laboratory report 20
Experiment and viva (35+5) 40
Total (each paper) 75
Unit-I
1. Methodology and Familiarization:
i) crude estimation, ungraduated and graduated scales.
ii) Triangulation method.
iii) Vernier calipers, screw gauge, traveling microscope.
iv) Indirect methods, e.g. for estimation of atomic size.
2. Familiarisation with basic electronic components.
3. Familiarisation with operation of basic measuring and test equipment (power
supplies, analog and digital multimeters, function generator and CRO).
4. To test a diode and transistor using multi-meter and CRO.
Unit II
1. To study the random error in observations.
2. Experiments for generation of data in linear and non linear regions for the
following systems: -
i) flow of liquid through capillary tube.
ii) Diode characteristics (I – V ).
iii) Pendulum with large amplitude.
3. Frequency and phase measurements using CRO.
4. Spring constant and mass from vertical oscillations of a spring and
determination of modulus of rigidity.
Phy-207 Semester-II Physics Laboratory-II
The distribution of marks in laboratory papers will be as follows:
Written test (45 minutes duration) 15
Internal assessment including laboratory report 20
Experiment and viva (35+5) 40
Total (each paper) 75
Unit I : Electronics and Instrumentation:
1. To design an amplifier of given gain using op-amp 741 in inverting and noninverting
configurations and to study its frequency response.
2. To design a precision differential amplifier of given I/O specification using
741.
3. To design an astable oscillator of given specifications using 555.
4. To design a monostable oscillator of given specifications using 555.
Unit II: Measurement of Resistance and Voltage:
1. Precise measurement of a low resistance using Carey Foster’s bride
potentiometer.
2. To calibrate a Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) to measure temperature
in a specified range using null method/off-balance bridge with galvanometer
based measurement.
3. To calibrate a thermocouple to measure temperature in a specified range using
null method/direct measurement using an op-amp difference amplifier and to
determine neutral temperature.
4. To determine the acceleration due to gravity using bar pendulum.
5. To determine the acceleration due to gravity using Kater’s pendulum.
6. To determine the acceleration due to gravity and velocity for a freely failing
body, using digital timing techniques.
:
7. To investigate the motion of a simple or physical pendulum with
i) variation of moment of inertia and
ii) viscous, frictional and electro-magnetic damping (e.g. motion of coil
of a B.G.).
8. To investigate the motion of coupled oscillators.
9. To investigate the forced oscillations of an LCR circuit in series and parallel
configurations and calculate quality factor Q.
Chem.-101 Semester-I Chemistry Laboratory-I
Max. Marks 75
Time 6 Hrs.
1. Separation of cations and anions by paper chromatography.
2. Preparation of
i) Manganese (iii) Phosphate, Estimation of Mn content in the above
complex colorimetrically (periodate oxidation). Estimation of
oxidizing equivalents in the abov complex titrimetrically (titration of
liberated iodine).
ii) Tetrammine copper (ii) sulfate and estimation of copper as CuCNS
gravimetrically in the above complex.
3. Preparation of :
i) Aspirin (ii) Hippuric acid (benzoylglycine) (iii) Methyl orange or
phenolphthalein. Characterisation by mp, mmp, and TLC.
4. Two-step preparations:
i) Nitrobenzene from benzene, purification of nitrobenzene and
characterization by refractive index, further nitration.
ii) P-bromoacetanllide from aniline.
5. Preparation of lactose and casein from milk or isolation of caffeine from tea
leaves (mp, colour test).
6. Estimation of glucose, specification value or iodine value of a fat or oil.
Chem.-201 Semester-II Chemistry Laboratory-II
Max. Marks 75
Time 6 Hrs.
1. Potentiometer titration of Mohr’s salt with K2CrxO7 or KmnO4 using digital multimeter
or low cost potentiometer.
2. Conduct metric titration of a solution of HCl or CH3 COOH with NaOH by a
direct reading conduct meter.
3. Determination of molecular mass of a polymer by measurement of viscosity.
4. The effect of detergent on the surface tension of water (Variation of surface
tension with concentration to be studied).
5. Determination of the rate law for one of the following reactions. All solutions
needed to be provided.
a. Persulphate-iodide reaction.
b. Iodination o acetone.
6. To study the kinetics of inversion of cane sugar (polar metrically).
Q-101 Semester-I English (Qualifying-I)
Paper Q.I : qualifying English
For the detailed course of qualifying English, please see the syllabus for ‘B.A.
(Pass), B.com, (Pass) and subsidiary qualifying English’.
Q-201 Semester-II English (Qualifying-II)
Paper Q.I : qualifying English
For the detailed course of qualifying English, please see the syllabus for ‘B.A.
(Pass), B.com, (Pass) and subsidiary qualifying English’.

Please provide here Delhi University B.Sc Physics 2nd SEM Digital Electronics question paper???

Delhi University B.Sc Physics 2nd SEM Digital Electronics question paper contains questions from following topics;

Introduction to CRO
Block Diagram of CRO. Electron Gun, Deflection System and Time Base. Deflection
Sensitivity. Applications of CRO : (1) Study of Waveform, (2) Measurement of Voltage,
Current, Frequency, and Phase Difference.
(3 Lectures)
Analog Circuits
Integrated Circuits (Qualitative Treatment only) :- Active and Passive components. Discrete
Circuit Component. Wafer. Chip. Advantages and Drawbacks of ICs. Scale of integration :
SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI (Basic Idea and Definitions Only). Classification of ICs. Fabrication of
Components on Monolithic ICs. Examples of Linear and Digital ICs.
(3 Lectures)
Operational Amplifiers (Use Black Box approach) :- Basic Characteristics of Op-Amps.
Characteristics of an Ideal Op-Amp. Feedback in Amplifiers . Open-loop and Closed-loop
Gain. Frequency Response. CMRR. Virtual ground.
(5 Lectures)
Applications of Op-Amps : (1) Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers, (2) Adder, (3)
Subtractor, (4) Unity follower, (5) Differentiator, (6) Integrator, (7) Zero Crossing
Detector.
(5 Lectures)
Timers (Use Black Box approach) :- 555 Timer and its Applications : Astable and Monostable
Multivibrator.
(2 Lectures)
Digital Circuits
Difference Between Analog and Digital Circuits. Binary Numbers. Decimal to Binary and
Binary to Decimal Conversion. AND, OR and NOT Gates (Realization using Diodes and
Transistor). NAND AND NOR Gates. Exclusive OR and Exclusive NOR Gates.
(3 Lectures)
Boolean algebra :- De Morgan’s Theorems. Boolean Laws. Simplification of Logic Circuit
using Boolean Algebra. Fundamental Products. Minterms and Maxterms. Conversion of a
Truth Table into an Equivalent Logic Circuit by (1) Sum of Products Method and (2)
Karnaugh Map.
(6 Lectures)
Data processing circuits :- Basic Idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders,
Parity Checkers.
(3 Lectures)
Memories :- Read-only memories (ROM), PROM, EPROM.

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